如何在 Ruby 中创建私有 class 常量

Question

In Ruby how does one create a private class constant? (ie one that is visible inside the class but not outside)

class Person
  SECRET='xxx' # How to make class private??

  def show_secret
    puts "Secret: #{SECRET}"
  end
end

Person.new.show_secret
puts Person::SECRET # I'd like this to fail

Answer 1

Starting on ruby 1.9.3, you have the Module#private_constant method, which seems to be exactly what you wanted:

class Person
  SECRET='xxx'.freeze
  private_constant :SECRET

  def show_secret
    puts "Secret: #{SECRET}"
  end
end

Person.new.show_secret
# => "Secret: xxx"

puts Person::SECRET
# NameError: private constant Person::SECRET referenced

Answer 2

You can also change your constant into a class method:

def self.secret
  'xxx'
end

private_class_method :secret

This makes it accessible within all instances of the class, but not outside.

Answer 3

Instead of a constant you can use a @@class_variable, which is always private.

class Person
  @@secret='xxx' # How to make class private??

  def show_secret
    puts "Secret: #{@@secret}"
  end
end
Person.new.show_secret
puts Person::@@secret
# doesn't work
puts Person.class_variable_get(:@@secret)
# This does work, but there's always a way to circumvent privateness in ruby

Of course then ruby will do nothing to enforce the constantness of @@secret, but ruby does very little to enforce constantness to begin with, so...

Answer 4

Well...

@@secret = 'xxx'.freeze

kind of works.

Answer 5

You can just literally make it a private method in the first place ♂️

class Person
  def SECRET
    'xxx'
  end

  def show_secret
    puts SECRET
  end
end

Person::SECRET    # Error: No such constant
Person.SECRET     # Error: No such method
Person.new.SECRET # Error: Call private method
person.new.show_secret # prints "xxx"