[英]How to plot sunrise over a year in R?
I have date that looks like this: 我的约会看起来像这样:
"date", "sunrise"
2009-01-01, 05:31
2009-01-02, 05:31
2009-01-03, 05:33
2009-01-05, 05:34
....
2009-12-31, 05:29
and I want to plot this in R, with "date" as the x-axis, and "sunrise" as the y-axis. 我想在R中以“日期”为x轴,以“日出”为y轴绘制此图。
You need to work a bit harder to get R to draw a suitable plot (ie get suitable axes). 您需要更努力地工作才能获得R来绘制合适的图形(即获得合适的轴)。 Say I have data similar to yours (here in a csv file for convenience:
假设我有与您类似的数据(为方便起见,在csv文件中:
"date","sunrise"
2009-01-01,05:31
2009-01-02,05:31
2009-01-03,05:33
2009-01-05,05:34
2009-01-06,05:35
2009-01-07,05:36
2009-01-08,05:37
2009-01-09,05:38
2009-01-10,05:39
2009-01-11,05:40
2009-01-12,05:40
2009-01-13,05:41
We can read the data in and format it appropriately so R knows the special nature of the data. 我们可以读取数据并将其适当地格式化,因此R知道数据的特殊性质。 The
read.csv()
call includes argument colClasses
so R doesn't convert the dates/times into factors. read.csv()
调用包含参数colClasses
因此R不会将日期/时间转换为因子。
dat <- read.csv("foo.txt", colClasses = "character")
## Now convert the imported data to appropriate types
dat <- within(dat, {
date <- as.Date(date) ## no need for 'format' argument as data in correct format
sunrise <- as.POSIXct(sunrise, format = "%H:%M")
})
str(dat)
Now comes the slightly tricky bit as R gets the axes wrong (or perhaps better to say they aren't what we want) if you just do 现在稍微有些棘手,因为R弄错了轴(或者也许更好地说它们不是我们想要的),如果您这样做的话
plot(sunrise ~ date, data = dat)
## or
with(dat, plot(date, sunrise))
The first version gets both axes wrong, and the second can dispatch correctly on the dates so gets the x-axis correct, but the y-axis labels are not right. 第一个版本的两个轴都错了,第二个版本的日期可以正确发送,因此x轴正确了,但是y轴的标签不正确。
So, suppress the plotting of the axes, and then add them yourself using axis.FOO
functions where FOO
is Date
or POSIXct
: 因此,抑制轴的绘制,然后使用
axis.FOO
函数将其自己添加,其中FOO
为Date
或POSIXct
:
plot(sunrise ~ date, data = dat, axes = FALSE)
with(dat, axis.POSIXct(x = sunrise, side = 2, format = "%H:%M"))
with(dat, axis.Date(x = date, side = 1))
box() ## complete the plot frame
HTH HTH
I think you can use the as.Date
and as.POSIXct
functions to convert the two columns in the proper format (the format
parameter of as.POSIXct
should be set to "%H:%M"
) 我认为您可以使用
as.Date
和as.POSIXct
函数以正确的格式转换两列( as.POSIXct
的format
参数应设置为"%H:%M"
)
The standard plot
function should then be able to deal with time and dates by itself 然后,标准
plot
功能应该能够自己处理时间和日期
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