如何获取Python中的网卡名称？

Question

Is there anyway to get the names of the NIC cards in the machine etc. eth0, lo? If so how do you do it?

I have researched but so far I have only found code to get IP addresses and MAC addresses only such as

import socket
socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())

Advice on the code would really be appreciated.

Answer 1

On Linux, you can just list the links in /sys/class/net/ by

os.listdir('/sys/class/net/')

Not sure if this works on all distributions.

Answer 2

socket module in Python >= 3.3:

import socket

# Return a list of network interface information
socket.if_nameindex()

https://docs.python.org/3/library/socket.html#socket.if_nameindex

Answer 3

A great Python library I have used to do this is psutil . It can be used on Linux, Windows, and OSX among other platforms and is supported from Python 2.6 to 3.6.

Psutil provides the net_if_addrs() function which returns a dictionary where keys are the NIC names and value is a list of named tuples for each address assigned to the NIC which include the address family, NIC address, netmask, broadcast address, and destination address.

A simple example using net_if_addrs() which will print a Python list of the NIC names:

import psutil

addrs = psutil.net_if_addrs()
print(addrs.keys())

Answer 4

Since this answer pops up in Google when I search for this information, I thought I should add my technique for getting the available interfaces (as well as IP addresses). The very nice module netifaces takes care of that, in a portable manner.

Answer 5

I don't think there's anything in the standard library to query these names.

If I needed these names on a Linux system I would parse the output of ifconfig or the contents of /proc/net/dev . Look at this blog entry for a similar problem.

Answer 6

Using python's ctypes you can make a call to the C library function getifaddrs :

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from ctypes import *

class Sockaddr(Structure):
    _fields_ = [('sa_family', c_ushort), ('sa_data', c_char * 14)]

class Ifa_Ifu(Union):
    _fields_ = [('ifu_broadaddr', POINTER(Sockaddr)),
                ('ifu_dstaddr', POINTER(Sockaddr))]

class Ifaddrs(Structure):
    pass

Ifaddrs._fields_ = [('ifa_next', POINTER(Ifaddrs)), ('ifa_name', c_char_p),
                    ('ifa_flags', c_uint), ('ifa_addr', POINTER(Sockaddr)),
                    ('ifa_netmask', POINTER(Sockaddr)), ('ifa_ifu', Ifa_Ifu),
                    ('ifa_data', c_void_p)]


def get_interfaces():
    libc = CDLL('libc.so.6')
    libc.getifaddrs.restype = c_int
    ifaddr_p = pointer(Ifaddrs())
    ret = libc.getifaddrs(pointer((ifaddr_p)))
    interfaces = set()
    head = ifaddr_p
    while ifaddr_p:
        interfaces.add(ifaddr_p.contents.ifa_name)
        ifaddr_p = ifaddr_p.contents.ifa_next
    libc.freeifaddrs(head) 
    return interfaces

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print(get_interfaces())

Do note though this method is not portable.

Answer 7

To add to what @Kristian Evensen's mentions, here is what I used for a problem i was having. If you are looking to just get a list of the interfaces, use:

interface_list = netifaces.interfaces()

If you are wanting a specific interface, but don't know what the number at the end is (ie: eth0), use:

interface_list = netifaces.interfaces()
interface = filter(lambda x: 'eth' in x,interface_list)

Answer 8

Like David Breuer say, you can just list the directory "/ sys / class / net" on Linux. (It works on Fedora at least). If you need detailled information about some interface you can navigate on the intefaces's directories for more.

def getAllInterfaces():
    return os.listdir('/sys/class/net/')

Answer 9

There is a python package get-nic which gives NIC status, up\\down, ip addr, mac addr etc

pip install get-nic

from get_nic import getnic

getnic.interfaces()

Output: ["eth0", "wlo1"]

interfaces = getnic.interfaces()
getnic.ipaddr(interfaces)

Output: 
{'lo': {'state': 'UNKNOWN', 'inet4': '127.0.0.1/8', 'inet6': '::1/128'}, 'enp3s0': {'state': 'DOWN', 'HWaddr': 'a4:5d:36:c2:34:3e'}, 'wlo1': {'state': 'UP', 'HWaddr': '48:d2:24:7f:63:10', 'inet4': '10.16.1.34/24', 'inet6': 'fe80::ab4a:95f7:26bd:82dd/64'}}

Refer GitHub page for more information: https://github.com/tech-novic/get-nic-details