使用对数刻度绘制 mplot3d/axes3D xyz 曲面图？

Question

I've been looking high and low for a solution to this simple problem but I can't find it anywhere! There are a loads of posts detailing semilog / loglog plotting of data in 2D eg plt.setxscale('log') however I'm interested in using log scales on a 3d plot(mplot3d).

I don't have the exact code to hand and so can't post it here, however the simple example below should be enough to explain the situation. I'm currently using Matplotlib 0.99.1 but should shortly be updating to 1.0.0 - I know I'll have to update my code for the mplot3d implementation.

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib.ticker import LinearLocator, FixedLocator, FormatStrFormatter
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
X = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.025)
Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.025)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
Z = np.sin(R)
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.jet, extend3d=True)
ax.set_zlim3d(-1.01, 1.01)

ax.w_zaxis.set_major_locator(LinearLocator(10))
ax.w_zaxis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter('%.03f'))

fig.colorbar(surf)

plt.show()

The above code will plot fine in 3D, however the three scales (X, Y, Z) are all linear. My 'Y' data spans several orders of magnitude (like 9!), so it would be very useful to plot it on a log scale. I can work around this by taking the log of the 'Y', recreating the numpy array and plotting the log(Y) on a linear scale, but in true python style I'm looking for smarter solution which will plot the data on a log scale.

Is it possible to produce a 3D surface plot of my XYZ data using log scales, ideally I'd like X & Z on linear scales and Y on a log scale?

Any help would be greatly appreciated. Please forgive any obvious mistakes in the above example, as mentioned I don't have my exact code to have and so have altered a matplotlib gallery example from my memory.

Thanks

Answer 1

Since I encountered the same question and Alejandros answer did not produced the desired Results here is what I found out so far.

The log scaling for Axes in 3D is an ongoing issue in matplotlib. Currently you can only relabel the axes with:

ax.yaxis.set_scale('log')

This will however not cause the axes to be scaled logarithmic but labeled logarithmic. ax.set_yscale('log') will cause an exception in 3D

See on github issue 209

Therefore you still have to recreate the numpy array

Answer 2

在 osx 中：运行 ax.zaxis._set_scale('log') （注意下划线）

Answer 3

All you have to do is to define the scale of the axis you want. For instance, if you want that x and y axis are on log scale, you should write:

ax.xaxis.set_scale('log')
ax.yaxis.set_scale('log')

and eventually:

ax.zaxis.set_scale('log')

Answer 4

I wanted a symlog plot and, since I fill the data array by hand, I just made a custom function to calculate the log to avoid having negative bars in the bar3d if the data is < 1:

import math as math

def manual_log(data):
  if data < 10: # Linear scaling up to 1
    return data/10
  else: # Log scale above 1
    return math.log10(data)

Since I have no negative values, I did not implement handling this values in this function, but it should not be hard to change it.

Answer 5

I came up with a nice and easy solution taking inspiration from Issue 209 . You define a small formatter function in which you set your own notation.

import matplotlib.ticker as mticker

# My axis should display 10⁻¹ but you can switch to e-notation 1.00e+01
def log_tick_formatter(val, pos=None):
    return f"$10^{{{int(val)}}}$"  # remove int() if you don't use MaxNLocator
    # return f"{10**val:.2e}"      # e-Notation

ax.zaxis.set_major_formatter(mticker.FuncFormatter(log_tick_formatter))
ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(mticker.MaxNLocator(integer=True))

set_major_locator sets the exponential to only use integers 10⁻¹, 10⁻² without 10^-1.5 etc. Source

Important! remove the cast int() in the return statement if you don't use set_major_locator and you want to display 10^-1.5 otherwise it will still print 10⁻¹ instead of 10^-1.5.

Example:

Try it yourself!

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.ticker as mticker

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(11,8))
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(121,projection="3d")

# Grab some test data.
X, Y, Z = axes3d.get_test_data(0.05)
# Now Z has a range from 10⁻³ until 10³, so 6 magnitudes
Z = (np.full((120, 120), 10)) ** (Z / 20)
ax1.plot_wireframe(X, Y, Z, rstride=10, cstride=10)
ax1.set(title="Linear z-axis (small values not visible)")


def log_tick_formatter(val, pos=None):
    return f"$10^{{{int(val)}}}$"


ax2 = fig.add_subplot(122,projection="3d")

# You still have to take log10(Z) but thats just one operation
ax2.plot_wireframe(X, Y, np.log10(Z), rstride=10, cstride=10)
ax2.zaxis.set_major_formatter(mticker.FuncFormatter(log_tick_formatter))
ax2.zaxis.set_major_locator(mticker.MaxNLocator(integer=True))
ax2.set(title="Logarithmic z-axis (much better)")
plt.savefig("LinearLog.png", bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()

Answer 6

There is no solution because of the issue 209. However, you can try doing this:

ax.plot_surface(X, np.log10(Y), Z, cmap='jet', linewidth=0.5)

If in "Y" there is a 0, it is going to appear a warning but still works. Because of this warning color maps don´t work, so try to avoid 0 and negative numbers. For example:

   Y[Y != 0] = np.log10(Y[Y != 0])
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, cmap='jet', linewidth=0.5)