如何递归查找目录中最新修改的文​​件？

Question

It seems that ls doesn't sort the files correctly when doing a recursive call:

ls -altR . | head -n 3

How can I find the most recently modified file in a directory (including subdirectories)?

Answer 1

find . -type f -printf '%T@ %p\n' \
| sort -n | tail -1 | cut -f2- -d" "

For a huge tree, it might be hard for sort to keep everything in memory.

%T@ gives you the modification time like a unix timestamp, sort -n sorts numerically, tail -1 takes the last line (highest timestamp), cut -f2 -d" " cuts away the first field (the timestamp) from the output.

Edit: Just as -printf is probably GNU-only, ajreals usage of stat -c is too. Although it is possible to do the same on BSD, the options for formatting is different ( -f "%m %N" it would seem)

And I missed the part of plural; if you want more then the latest file, just bump up the tail argument.

Answer 2

Following up on @plundra's answer , here's the BSD and OS X version:

find . -type f -print0 \
| xargs -0 stat -f "%m %N" \
| sort -rn | head -1 | cut -f2- -d" "

Answer 3

Instead of sorting the results and keeping only the last modified ones, you could use awk to print only the one with greatest modification time (in unix time):

find . -type f -printf "%T@\0%p\0" | awk '
    {
        if ($0>max) {
            max=$0; 
            getline mostrecent
        } else 
            getline
    } 
    END{print mostrecent}' RS='\0'

This should be a faster way to solve your problem if the number of files is big enough.

I have used the NUL character (ie '\\0') because, theoretically, a filename may contain any character (including space and newline) but that.

If you don't have such pathological filenames in your system you can use the newline character as well:

find . -type f -printf "%T@\n%p\n" | awk '
    {
        if ($0>max) {
            max=$0; 
            getline mostrecent
        } else 
            getline
    } 
    END{print mostrecent}' RS='\n'

In addition, this works in mawk too.

Answer 4

This seems to work fine, even with subdirectories:

find . -type f | xargs ls -ltr | tail -n 1

In case of too many files, refine the find.

Answer 5

I had the trouble to find the last modified file under Solaris 10. There find does not have the printf option and stat is not available. I discovered the following solution which works well for me:

find . -type f | sed 's/.*/"&"/' | xargs ls -E | awk '{ print $6," ",$7 }' | sort | tail -1

To show the filename as well use

find . -type f | sed 's/.*/"&"/' | xargs ls -E | awk '{ print $6," ",$7," ",$9 }' | sort | tail -1

Explanation

• find . -type f find . -type f finds and lists all files
• sed 's/.*/"&"/' wraps the pathname in quotes to handle whitespaces
• xargs ls -E sends the quoted path to ls , the -E option makes sure that a full timestamp (format year-month-day hour-minute-seconds-nanoseconds ) is returned
• awk '{ print $6," ",$7 }' extracts only date and time
• awk '{ print $6," ",$7," ",$9 }' extracts date, time and filename
• sort returns the files sorted by date
• tail -1 returns only the last modified file

Answer 6

Shows the latest file with human readable timestamp:

find . -type f -printf '%TY-%Tm-%Td %TH:%TM: %Tz %p\n'| sort -n | tail -n1

Result looks like this:

2015-10-06 11:30: +0200 ./foo/bar.txt

To show more files, replace -n1 with a higher number

Answer 7

I use something similar all the time, as well as the top-k list of most recently modified files. For large directory trees, it can be much faster to avoid sorting . In the case of just top-1 most recently modified file:

find . -type f -printf '%T@ %p\n' | perl -ne '@a=split(/\s+/, $_, 2); ($t,$f)=@a if $a[0]>$t; print $f if eof()'

On a directory containing 1.7 million files, I get the most recent one in 3.4s, a speed-up of 7.5x against the 25.5s solution using sort.

Answer 8

This gives a sorted list:

find . -type f -ls 2>/dev/null | sort -M -k8,10 | head -n5

Reverse the order by placing a '-r' in the sort command. If you only want filenames, insert "awk '{print $11}' |" before '| head'

Answer 9

On Ubuntu 13, the following does it, maybe a tad faster, as it reverses the sort and uses 'head' instead of 'tail', reducing the work. To show the 11 newest files in a tree:

find . -type f -printf '%T@ %p\\n' | sort -n -r | head -11 | cut -f2- -d" " | sed -e 's,^./,,' | xargs ls -U -l

This gives a complete ls listing without re-sorting and omits the annoying './' that 'find' puts on every file name.

Or, as a bash function:

treecent () {
  local numl
  if [[ 0 -eq $# ]] ; then
    numl=11   # Or whatever default you want.
  else
    numl=$1
  fi
  find . -type f -printf '%T@ %p\n' | sort -n -r | head -${numl} |  cut -f2- -d" " | sed -e 's,^\./,,' | xargs ls -U -l
}

Still, most of the work was done by plundra's original solution. Thanks plundra.

Answer 10

I faced the same issue. I need to find the most recent file recursively. find took around 50 minutes to find.

Here is a little script to do it faster:

#!/bin/sh

CURRENT_DIR='.'

zob () {
    FILE=$(ls -Art1 ${CURRENT_DIR} | tail -n 1)
    if [ ! -f ${FILE} ]; then
        CURRENT_DIR="${CURRENT_DIR}/${FILE}"
        zob
    fi
    echo $FILE
    exit
}
zob

It's a recursive function who get the most recent modified item of a directory. If this item is a directory, the function is called recursively and search into this directory, etc.

Answer 11

I find the following shorter and with more interpretable output:

find . -type f -printf '%TF %TT %p\n' | sort | tail -1

Given the fixed length of the standardised ISO format datetimes, lexicographical sorting is fine and we don't need the -n option on the sort.

If you want to remove the timestamps again, you can use:

find . -type f -printf '%TFT%TT %p\n' | sort | tail -1 | cut -f2- -d' '

Answer 12

如果单独在每个文件上运行stat会变慢，您可以使用xargs来加快速度：

find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 stat -f "%m %N" | sort -n | tail -1 | cut -f2- -d" " 

Answer 13

这将递归地将当前目录中所有目录的修改时间更改为每个目录中的最新文件：

for dir in */; do find $dir -type f -printf '%T@ "%p"\n' | sort -n | tail -1 | cut -f2- -d" " | xargs -I {} touch -r {} $dir; done

Answer 14

This simple cli will also work:

ls -1t | head -1

You may change the -1 to the number of files you want to list

Answer 15

I found the command above useful, but for my case I needed to see the date and time of the file as well I had an issue with several files that have spaces in the names. Here is my working solution.

find . -type f -printf '%T@ %p\n' | sort -n | tail -1 | cut -f2- -d" " | sed 's/.*/"&"/' | xargs ls -l

Answer 16

我更喜欢这个，它更短：

find . -type f -print0|xargs -0 ls -drt|tail -n 1

Answer 17

以下命令适用于 Solaris ：

find . -name "*zip" -type f | xargs ls -ltr | tail -1 

Answer 18

I wrote a pypi/github package for this question because I needed a solution as well.

https://github.com/bucknerns/logtail

Install:

pip install logtail

Usage: tails changed files

logtail <log dir> [<glob match: default=*.log>]

Usage2: Opens latest changed file in editor

editlatest <log dir> [<glob match: default=*.log>]

Answer 19

Ignoring hidden files — with nice & fast time stamp

Here is how to find and list the latest modified files in a directory with subdirectories. Hidden files are ignored on purpose. The time format can be customised.

$ find . -type f -not -path '*/\.*' -printf '%TY.%Tm.%Td %THh%TM %Ta %p\n' |sort -nr |head -n 10

Result

Handles spaces in filenames well — not that these should be used!

2017.01.25 18h23 Wed ./indenting/Shifting blocks visually.mht
2016.12.11 12h33 Sun ./tabs/Converting tabs to spaces.mht
2016.12.02 01h46 Fri ./advocacy/2016.Vim or Emacs - Which text editor do you prefer?.mht
2016.11.09 17h05 Wed ./Word count - Vim Tips Wiki.mht

More

More find galore following the link.

Answer 20

To search for files in /target_directory and all its sub-directories, that have been modified in the last 60 minutes:

$ find /target_directory -type f -mmin -60

To find the most recently modified files, sorted in the reverse order of update time (ie, the most recently updated files first):

$ find /etc -type f -printf '%TY-%Tm-%Td %TT %p\n' | sort -r

Answer 21

After using a find -based solution for years, I found myself wanting the ability to exclude directories like .git .

I switched to this rsync -based solution. Put this in ~/bin/findlatest :

#!/bin/sh
# Finds most recently modified files.
rsync -rL --list-only "$@" | grep -v '^d' | sort -k3,4r | head -5

Now findlatest . will list the 5 most recently modified files, and findlatest --exclude .git . will list the 5 excluding ones in .git .

This works by taking advantage of some little-used rsync functionality: "if a single source arg is specified [to rsync] without a destination, the files are listed in an output format similar to ls -l" ( rsync man page).

The ability to take rsync args is useful in conjunction with rsync-based backup tools. For instance I use rsnapshot , and I back up an application directory with rsnapshot.conf line:

backup  /var/atlassian/application-data/jira/current/   home    +rsync_long_args=--archive --filter="merge /opt/atlassian/jira/current/backups/rsync-excludes"

where rsync-excludes lists directories I don't want to backup:

- log/
- logs/
- analytics-logs/
- tmp/
- monitor/*.rrd4j

I can see now the latest files that will be backed up with:

findlatest /var/atlassian/application-data/jira/current/ --filter="merge /opt/atlassian/jira/current/backups/rsync-excludes"