C 取消引用 void* 指针

Question

I am new to C and for my first project I need to implement an array based queue.

I want my queue to be able to hold any kind of object so I created a QueueElement structure to hold a void pointer to an object of any type. I think all is working except I am unable to read the 'position' and 'value' fields from my QueueElement struct. I get the following error when I try to compile.

Error:

Runnable.c: In function `main':
Runnable.c:10: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
Runnable.c:11: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type

I'm pretty sure I'm just not casting properly. Any help is appreciated.

Thanks again, Pooch

Runnable.c

   #include <stdio.h>
    #include "Queue.h"
    
    int main(void) {
            int i = 9;
            Queue q = CreateQueue();
            QueueElement e = CreateQueueElement(&i);
            Enqueue(q, e);
            QueueElement f = Dequeue(q);


            /* PROBLEM IS HERE */
            printf("position: %d", f->position);
            printf("value: %d", (int *)(f->value));
            DestroyQueue(q);
            return 0;
    }

Queue.h

#ifndef QUEUE_H
#define QUEUE_H

#include "QueueElement.h"

typedef struct QueueStruct *Queue;

Queue CreateQueue(void);

void DestroyQueue(Queue q);

void Enqueue(Queue q, QueueElement e);

QueueElement Dequeue(Queue q);

#endif

Queue.c

#include "QueueElement.h"
#include "Queue.h"

#define QUEUE_SIZE 10

struct QueueStruct {
        QueueElement contents[QUEUE_SIZE];
        int size;
};

Queue CreateQueue(void) {
        Queue q = malloc(sizeof(struct QueueStruct));
        q->size = 0;
        return q;
}

void DestroyQueue(Queue q) {
        int i;
        for(i = 0; i < q->size; i++) {
                free(q->contents[i]);
        }
        free(q);
}

void Enqueue(Queue q, QueueElement e) {
        if (q->size < QUEUE_SIZE) {
                q->contents[q->size++] = e;
        }
}

QueueElement Dequeue(Queue q) {
        if (q->size > 0) {
                return q->contents[--q->size];
        }
        return;
}

QueueElement.h

#ifndef QUEUE_ELEMENT_H
#define QUEUE_ELEMENT_H

typedef struct QueueElementStruct *QueueElement;

QueueElement CreateQueueElement(void *v);

void DestroyQueueElement(QueueElement e);

int GetPosition(QueueElement e);

#endif

QueueElement.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include "QueueElement.h"

struct QueueElementStruct {
        int position;
        void *value;
};

QueueElement CreateQueueElement(void *v) {
        QueueElement e = malloc(sizeof(struct QueueElementStruct));
        e->position = 0;
        e->value = v;
        return e;
}

void DestroyQueueElement(QueueElement e) {
        free(e);
}

int GetPosition(QueueElement e) {
        return e->position;
}

Answer 1

The definition of QueueElementStruct has to be visible in Runnable.c to be able to access fields of it. You can put QueueElementStruct into a header that you can include in Runnable.c and QueueElement.c . Alternatively, you can use your GetPosition function and add a GetValue function and use those from Runnable.c instead of direct field access.

Answer 2

You have to cast the void * back to point at the "real" type before you can dereference it. eg, if you start with an int , you can take its address, and put it in the queue. To look at the int , you'll have to cast it back to int * . Keeping track of the real type can be (usually is) non-trivial (eg, creating an enumeration of all types you want to be able to put in the collection and associating one of those with each item in the collection).

There's a reason that C++ (for one example) opts for only putting one type of object into any given collection.