在python中输入类型

Question

I looked at similar question on SO but none of them answer my problem. For Ex. How do you cast an instance to a derived class? . But the answer doesn't seem to be what I want.

Here is my situation. I have a class structure like in Django

class Base:
     ...some stuff...

class Derived(Base):
     ...some more stuff...

Now when I make some queries in Django, I always get objects of Base class.

 baseobj = get_object_or_404(Base, id = sid)

At runtime I can also encounter "Derived" objects which have some extra properties. I'm able to figure out if an object is Base or derived(there is sufficient info in Base class object). But how should I access those extra fields which are present only in Derived class. I'm not able to downcast "Base" -> "Derived". How should I handle it?

EDIT:

I figured out the problem. Django stores "additional properties" of Derived class in a separate table. Hence problem arose due to this line of code.

baseobj = get_object_or_404(Base, id = sid)

baseobj will always be of Base class and will not have any properties of Derived class. I have to make an additional query to get the Derived class object.

baseobj = get_object_or_404(Base, id = sid)
if baseobj.isDerivedType:
      derivedobj = get_object_or_404(Derived, id = sid)

Answer 1

This sort of inheritance in Django-land smells like multi-table inheritance to me. According to the doc, assuming everything is wired properly, you should be able to do:

baseobj.derived    # note: small 'd'

Answer 2

Normally, I would say that it's typical to use a try-except clause in a situation like this.

class thing1(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.a = 5

class thing2(thing1):
    def __init__(self):
        super(thing2, self).__init__()
        self.b = 6

t = thing1()
try: 
    print(t.b)
except AttributeError: 
    print("handling the exception")

EDIT: But am I understanding your question correctly? Answer: No. Oops!

EDIT2: Nonetheless, it seems that some variation on the above try-except block would be better than accessing the database twice, as your edited question suggests.

Answer 3

I have never had to do this in python. It seems like a code smell that you have an instance of a type, and need to know the most derived type of the object. You should already know what the type is based on the function that you're using. Perhaps if you showed us the actual code that you are using, we'd be able to help you with a better solution.

The problem with checking if your object isDerivedType is that when you add another derived class, you will have to modify your base to do checks for the new derived type. This breaks the model of object oriented programming. If someone else is using your code and they decide to derive from your class, they can't effectively do it.

Try to work with the derived types as much as possible. The point of inheritance in Django is to allow code re-use and the sharing of data between classes - not information hiding.

Answer 4

Use the "lowercase" version of Derived class:

class Base:
     base_attribute

class Derived(Base):
     derived_attribute

baseobj = get_object_or_404(Base, id = sid)
if baseobj.isDerivedType:
     print baseobj.derived.derived_attribute