Python 导入以使用鼻子进行测试 - 导入高于当前 package 的模块的最佳做法是什么

Question

This is a question which is asked frequently in different forms, and often obtains "lol you're not doing it properly" responses. Pretty sure that's because there's a common sense scenario people (including me) are trying to use as an implementation, and the solution is not obvious (if you've not done it before).

Would accept an answer which "lets the fly out of the bottle".

Given

project/
    __init__.py
    /code
        __init__.py
        sut.py
    /tests
        __init__.py
        test_sut.py

Where tests_sut.py starts:

import code.sut

Running nosetests in the root dir leads to:

ImportError: No module named code.sut

Avenues traveled:

a) do a relative using

from ..code import sut

b) add root of project to PYTHONPATH

c) use the

sys.path.append

to add the.. path before the imports at the start of each test module.

d) just remember to do a

setup.py 

on the project to install the modules into the site-packages before running tests.

---

So the requirement is to have tests located beneath the test package root which have access to the project. Each of the above don't feel "natural" to me, have proved problematic or seem like too much hard work!

In java this works, but basically by dint of your build tool / IDE placing all your classes on the classpath. Perhaps the issue is I'm expecting "magic" from Python? Have noted in the Flask webframework tests, option d) seems to be preferred.

In any case, statements below recommending a preferred solution would remove the feeling of "unnaturalness" in my own.

Answer 1

I had the same problem and found an answer in a related question work for me.

Just remove the __init__.py in the project root.

Answer 2

You have answered your question pretty well already.. D (install to system location) is preferred for distributable code. I usually use C (modify sys.path) because I don't want system-wide installs of my hundreds of custom libs. In theory A (relative import) seems nicer, but there are cases where it fails. B (PYTHONPATH) is right out, really only for testing purposes in my opinion.

That pretty much sums up all of the options. The option you prefer (Python magically knows where to look) is really not a workable solution because it can lead to unpredictable results, such as automagically finding libraries from unrelated projects.

In my opinion, the best thing to do is put this at the entry point(s) to your program:

import sys, os
sys.path = [os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))] + sys.path

Answer 3

I know there is a answer checked and I still think it's a good reason to share other alternatives:)

There is a nose-pathmunge giving you a control to set sys.path while invoking nosestests .