在 Javascript 中跨对象组共享属性

Question

In javascript if I need objects each to have an individual value of an attribute, I can just set it in the constructor, like so:

function A(x) {
    this.a = x;
}

If I want a certain attribute to be shared among the objects, I can set it in the prototype of constructor function.

function B() {}
B.prototype.b = 'B0';

But what to do in in-between situation? Basically, I have an existing code where all the constructed objects inherit a property from a prototype, but now I need to divide them into several groups so all members of a group share an attribute.

Is there a way to specialize the constructor function B somehow?

Answer 1

B.prototype.b does NOT create a static property as you presume. It's a bit more complicated than that, properties attached to a prototype share their value with other instances, until they overwrite that value, meaning that:

var Foo = function(){
};
Foo.prototype.bar = 'bar';

var f1 = new Foo();
console.log( f1.bar ); //outputs 'bar'
var f2 = new Foo();
console.log( f2.bar ); //outputs 'bar'

f2.bar = 'notbar';
console.log( f2.bar ); //outputs 'notbar'
console.log( f1.bar ); //outputs 'bar'

The only way to have "real" static properties is to attach them to the constructor function itself:

Foo.bar2 = 'bar2';

instances of Foo will have to access that value with Foo.bar2 .

So the answer to your question is to create "subclasses" (constructor functions that inherit their prototype from a base constructor function) for each group and attach a property per subclass, like this:

var Base = function(){
};
Base.prototype.getSomething = function(){
    return this.constructor.something;
};
Base.prototype.setSomething = function( value ){
    this.constructor.something = value;
}
var Group1 = function(){
};
Group1.prototype = new Base(); //classical inheritance
Group1.prototype.constructor = Group1;
Group1.something = 'something';
var Group2 = function(){
};
Group2.prototype = new Base(); //classical inheritance
Group2.prototype.constructor = Group2;
Group2.something = 'something else';

var g1a = new Group1();
var g1b = new Group1();
var g2a = new Group2();
var g2b = new Group2();

g1a.setSomething( 'whatever' );

console.log( g1a.getSomething() ); //outputs 'whatever'
console.log( g1b.getSomething() ); //outputs 'whatever'
console.log( g2a.getSomething() ); //outputs 'something else'
console.log( g2b.getSomething() ); //outputs 'something else'

Warning: Group1.prototype = new Base(); is actually bad practice, I wrote a blog post about 3 types of inheritance just a few days ago which explains why:

http://creynders.wordpress.com/2012/04/01/demiurge-3-types-of-javascript-inheritance-2/