清楚函数的时间复杂度是什么std :: map根据大O？

Question

What is the time complexity for a clear function is std::map?
Would I be right in saying that it is O(1)?

Answer 1

The Standard says in [associative.reqmts]/8 Table 102 :

a.clear() <=> a.erase(a.begin(), a.end()) linear in a.size()

So it is actually mandated to be O(N).

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EDIT: summing up the various bits.

To remove a node, a map does two operation:

1. Call the allocator destroy method to destroy the element
2. Call the allocator deallocate method to deallocate the memory occupied by the node

The former can be elided in code (checking for is_trivially_destructible ), and actually it is generally done in vector for example. The latter is unfortunately trickier, and no trait exists, so we must rely on the optimizer.

Unfortunately, even if by inlining the optimizer could completely remove the destroy and deallocate nodes, I am afraid it would not be able to realize that the tree traversal is now useless and optimize that away too. Therefore you would end up in a Θ(N) traversal of the tree and nothing done at each step...

Answer 2

cplusplus参考站点声称它在容器大小上具有线性复杂性，因为必须调用每个元素的析构函数。

Answer 3

Because it's a template, it may be known at compile time that destruction in a no-op for the type (eg std::map<int> ), so the need to destroy members isn't a good basis for deducing a necessary worst-case performance. Still, the compiler must visit every node of the binary tree, releasing the heap memory, and the number of nodes relates linearly to the number of elements (that erase() only invalidates iterators/references/pointers to the erased element, insert() doesn't invalidate any etc. all evidence the 1:1 relationship).

So, it's linear, but because of the need to clean up the heap usage even if element destructors aren't needed....

(Interestingly, this implies that a std::map<> -like associative container - or perhaps std::map<> itself with a clever custom allocator - could be made O(1) for elements with trivial no-op destructors if all the memory was allocated from a dedicated memory pool that could be "thrown away" in O(1).)

Answer 4

据我所知，所有清理操作的复杂性都是O（n），因为你需要逐个去除这些对象。