Pygame：key.get_pressed() 与事件队列不一致

Question

I'm attempting to work out simple controls for an application using pygame in Python. I have got the basics working, but I'm hitting a weird wall: I am using the arrow keys to control my character. If I hold down one arrow key, then hold down another arrow key (to move diagonally), the character moves as expected. However, if I release the second key that I pressed (while still holding down the first key), the character stops moving, even though I am still holding down that first key. Here is my simple movement code:

for event in pygame.event.get():
    if event.type == QUIT:
        pygame.quit()
        sys.exit()
    elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
        if pygame.key.get_pressed()[K_LEFT]:
            player.pos = (player.pos[0] - 2, player.pos[1])
        if pygame.key.get_pressed()[K_RIGHT]:
            player.pos = (player.pos[0] + 2, player.pos[1])
        if pygame.key.get_pressed()[K_UP]:
            player.pos = (player.pos[0], player.pos[1] - 2)
        if pygame.key.get_pressed()[K_DOWN]:
            player.pos = (player.pos[0], player.pos[1] + 2)

Now, I was naturally very confused by this. So I tried to print some lines to debug. In the top of the main control loop, I wrote:

print (pygame.key.get_pressed()[K_DOWN], pygame.key.get_pressed()[K_RIGHT])
print pygame.event.get()

...to output a tuple displaying the state of the down and right arrow keys, and then display the pygame event queue. My results baffled me even more. If I move the character diagonally down and right, pressing the down key first and then the right key, then release the right key to make it move simply downward, the character stops moving as before... but this is printed to the shell:

(1, 0)
[]

That is, when I release the right arrow key and still hold down the down arrow key, pygame.key.get_pressed() understands that the down arrow key is still being held down, but there is nothing in the event queue.

Also, earlier in the code (before the control loop) I am invoking

pygame.key.set_repeat(1, 2)

to make the character continue to move while the key is held down.

Any help will be appreciated! Thanks :)

Answer 1

For things like movement, you should not check for events (like KEYDOWN or KEYUP ), but check every iteration of your mainloop if your movement keys are pressed (using get_pressed ).

In your code, you check the pressed keys only if there's also a KEYDOWN event.

---

There are also some other things to consider:

• You should seperate the key-mapping and the speed of your player, so it will be easier later on to change either of this.

• You should determine a movement vector and normalize it first, since otherwise, if your vertical and horizontal movement speed is 10 , your diagonal movement speed would be ~ 14 .

Working example:

import pygame

pygame.init()

screen = pygame.display.set_mode((200, 200))
run = True
pos = pygame.Vector2(100, 100)
clock = pygame.time.Clock()

# speed of your player
speed = 2

# key bindings
move_map = {pygame.K_LEFT: pygame.Vector2(-1, 0),
            pygame.K_RIGHT: pygame.Vector2(1, 0),
            pygame.K_UP: pygame.Vector2(0, -1),
            pygame.K_DOWN: pygame.Vector2(0, 1)}

while run:
  for e in pygame.event.get():
    if e.type == pygame.QUIT: run = False

  screen.fill((30, 30, 30))
  # draw player, but convert position to integers first
  pygame.draw.circle(screen, pygame.Color('dodgerblue'), [int(x) for x in pos], 10)
  pygame.display.flip()

  # determine movement vector
  pressed = pygame.key.get_pressed()
  move_vector = pygame.Vector2(0, 0)
  for m in (move_map[key] for key in move_map if pressed[key]):
    move_vector += m

  # normalize movement vector if necessary
  if move_vector.length() > 0:
    move_vector.normalize_ip()

  # apply speed to movement vector
  move_vector *= speed

  # update position of player
  pos += move_vector

  clock.tick(60)

Answer 2

just use the events return data, instead of trying to poll, you're already checking if its a keydown event TYPE, now just interrogate the KEY index, like so:

for event in pygame.event.get():
    if event.type == QUIT:
        pygame.quit()
        sys.exit()
    elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
        if event.key == K_LEFT:
            player.pos = (player.pos[0] - 2, player.pos[1])

rest of code.....

also consider using a separate data structure to store the state of your controls, then just use the events to update that data structure. That will help make the controls a bit more flexible as you wont be relying on the event queue to cause your character to move, which in my experience causes problems like: not being able to push more than two buttons at a time, and odd delay or timing issues with character movements. so something like:

keystates={'up':False, 'down':False, 'left':False, 'right':False}
running=True

#start main pygame event processing loop here
while running:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            running=False

        #check for key down events
        if event.type == KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == K_UP:
                keystates['up']=True
            if event.key == K_DOWN:
                keystates['down']=True
            if event.key == K_LEFT:
                keystates['left']=True
            if event.key == K_RIGHT:
                keystates['right']=True

        #check for key up events
        if event.type == KEYUP:
            if event.key == K_UP:
                keystates['up']=False
            if event.key == K_DOWN:
                keystates['down']=False
            if event.key == K_LEFT:
                keystates['left']=False
            if event.key == K_RIGHT:
                keystates['right']=False

    #do something about the key states here, now that the event queue has been processed
    if keystates['up']:
        character.moveUp()  #or whatever your call for these are...
    if keystates['down']:
        character.moveDown()
    if keystates['left']:
        character.moveLeft()
    if keystates['right']:
        character.moveRight()

#gracefully exit pygame here
pygame.quit()

Answer 3

You are using event-based input , but in this case you want polling-based input. Then you don't mess with key-repeats.

import pygame
from pygame.locals import *

done = False    
player.pos = Rect(0,0,10,10)

while not done:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        # any other key event input
        if event.type == QUIT:
            done = True        
        elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == K_ESC:
                done = True
            elif event.key == K_F1:
                print "hi world mode"

    # get key current state
    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    if keys[K_LEFT]:
        player.pos.left -= 10
    if keys[K_RIGHT]:
        player.pos.left += 10
    if keys[K_UP]:
        player.pos.top -= 10
    if keys[K_DOWN]:
        player.pos.left += 10
    if keys[K_SPACE]: 
        print 'firing repeated gun'

Answer 4

My guess is that set repeat doesn't work the way that you think it will. Basically, after your second key goes up, the repeat doesn't happen. This would seem to make sense to me: open up a text editor and hold down the "A" key. "A"s will spill out across the screen. Then, press the "J" key with the "A" key still held down. The "A"s stop. That is a typical key repeat system.

I'm not sure using this "set_repeat" method is going to work out in the end anyway. Basically, any key that the player presses will now "repeat", even if they click "fire" or "jump".

As an alternative, try saving the state when the user presses or releases. Don't use the set_repeat, but do something like the following:

for event in pygame.event.get():
    if event.type == QUIT:
        pygame.quit()
        sys.exit()
    elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
        if pygame.key.get_pressed()[K_LEFT]:
            player.moving_left = True
        if pygame.key.get_pressed()[K_RIGHT]:
            player.moving_right = True
        if pygame.key.get_pressed()[K_UP]:
            player.moving_up = True
        if pygame.key.get_pressed()[K_DOWN]:
            player.moving_down = True
    elif event.type == KEYUP:
        if pygame.key.get_pressed()[K_LEFT]:
            player.moving_left = False
        if pygame.key.get_pressed()[K_RIGHT]:
            player.moving_right = False
        if pygame.key.get_pressed()[K_UP]:
            player.moving_up = False
        if pygame.key.get_pressed()[K_DOWN]:
            player.moving_down = False

# Somewhere else in your game loop...
if player.moving_left:
    player.pos[0] -= 2
if player.moving_right:
    player.pos[0] += 2
if player.moving_up:
    player.pos[1] -= 2
if player.moving_right:
    player.pos[1] += 2