Python 类返回值

Question

I'm trying to create a class that returns a value, not self.

I will show you an example comparing with a list:

>>> l = list()
>>> print(l)
[]
>>> class MyClass:
>>>     pass

>>> mc = MyClass()
>>> print mc
<__main__.MyClass instance at 0x02892508>

I need that MyClass returns a list, like list() does, not the instance info. I know that I can make a subclass of list. But is there a way to do it without subclassing?

I want to imitate a list (or other objects):

>>> l1 = list()
>>> l2 = list()
>>> l1
[]
>>> l2
[]
>>> l1 == l2
True
>>> class MyClass():
def __repr__(self):
    return '[]'


>>> m1 = MyClass()
>>> m2 = MyClass()
>>> m1
[]
>>> m2
[]
>>> m1 == m2
False

Why is m1 == m2 False? This is the question.

I'm sorry if I don't respond to all of you. I'm trying all the solutions you give me. I cant use def , because I need to use functions like setitem, getitem, etc.

Answer 1

I think you are very confused about what is occurring.

In Python, everything is an object:

• [] (a list) is an object
• 'abcde' (a string) is an object
• 1 (an integer) is an object
• MyClass() (an instance) is an object
• MyClass (a class) is also an object
• list (a type--much like a class) is also an object

They are all "values" in the sense that they are a thing and not a name which refers to a thing. (Variables are names which refer to values.) A value is not something different from an object in Python.

When you call a class object (like MyClass() or list() ), it returns an instance of that class. ( list is really a type and not a class, but I am simplifying a bit here.)

When you print an object (ie get a string representation of an object), that object's __str__ or __repr__ magic method is called and the returned value printed.

For example:

>>> class MyClass(object):
...     def __str__(self):
...             return "MyClass([])"
...     def __repr__(self):
...             return "I am an instance of MyClass at address "+hex(id(self))
... 
>>> m = MyClass()
>>> print m
MyClass([])
>>> m
I am an instance of MyClass at address 0x108ed5a10
>>> 

So what you are asking for, "I need that MyClass return a list, like list(), not the instance info," does not make any sense. list() returns a list instance. MyClass() returns a MyClass instance. If you want a list instance, just get a list instance. If the issue instead is what do these objects look like when you print them or look at them in the console , then create a __str__ and __repr__ method which represents them as you want them to be represented.

Update for new question about equality

Once again, __str__ and __repr__ are only for printing , and do not affect the object in any other way. Just because two objects have the same __repr__ value does not mean they are equal!

MyClass() != MyClass() because your class does not define how these would be equal, so it falls back to the default behavior (of the object type), which is that objects are only equal to themselves:

>>> m = MyClass()
>>> m1 = m
>>> m2 = m
>>> m1 == m2
True
>>> m3 = MyClass()
>>> m1 == m3
False

If you want to change this, use one of the comparison magic methods

For example, you can have an object that is equal to everything:

>>> class MyClass(object):
...     def __eq__(self, other):
...             return True
... 
>>> m1 = MyClass()
>>> m2 = MyClass()
>>> m1 == m2
True
>>> m1 == m1
True
>>> m1 == 1
True
>>> m1 == None
True
>>> m1 == []
True

I think you should do two things:

1. Take a look at this guide to magic method use in Python .

2. Justify why you are not subclassing list if what you want is very list-like. If subclassing is not appropriate, you can delegate to a wrapped list instance instead:

    class MyClass(object): def __init__(self): self._list = [] def __getattr__(self, name): return getattr(self._list, name) # __repr__ and __str__ methods are automatically created # for every class, so if we want to delegate these we must # do so explicitly def __repr__(self): return "MyClass(%s)" % repr(self._list) def __str__(self): return "MyClass(%s)" % str(self._list)

   This will now act like a list without being a list (ie, without subclassing list ).

    >>> c = MyClass() >>> c.append(1) >>> c MyClass([1])

Answer 2

If what you want is a way to turn your class into kind of a list without subclassing list , then just make a method that returns a list:

def MyClass():
    def __init__(self):
        self.value1 = 1
        self.value2 = 2

    def get_list(self):
        return [self.value1, self.value2...]


>>>print MyClass().get_list()
[1, 2...]

If you meant that print MyClass() will print a list, just override __repr__ :

class MyClass():        
    def __init__(self):
        self.value1 = 1
        self.value2 = 2

    def __repr__(self):
        return repr([self.value1, self.value2])

EDIT: I see you meant how to make objects compare . For that, you override the __cmp__ method.

class MyClass():
    def __cmp__(self, other):
        return cmp(self.get_list(), other.get_list())

Answer 3

Use __new__ to return value from a class.

As others suggest __repr__ , __str__ or even __init__ (somehow) CAN give you what you want, But __new__ will be a semantically better solution for your purpose since you want the actual object to be returned and not just the string representation of it.

Read this answer for more insights into __str__ and __repr__ https://stackoverflow.com/a/19331543/4985585

class MyClass():
    def __new__(cls):
        return list() #or anything you want

>>> MyClass()
[]   #Returns a true list not a repr or string

Answer 4

class MyClass():
    def __init__(self, a, b):
        self.value1 = a
        self.value2 = b

    def __call__(self):
        return [self.value1, self.value2]

Testing:

>>> x = MyClass('foo','bar')
>>> x()
['foo', 'bar']

Answer 5

You are describing a function, not a class.

def Myclass():
    return []

Answer 6

the worked proposition for me is __call__ on class who create list of little numbers:

import itertools
    
class SmallNumbers:
    def __init__(self, how_much):
        self.how_much = int(how_much)
        self.work_list = ['₀', '₁', '₂', '₃', '₄', '₅', '₆', '₇', '₈', '₉']
        self.generated_list = ['₀', '₁', '₂', '₃', '₄', '₅', '₆', '₇', '₈', '₉']
        start = 10
        end = 100
        for cmb in range(2, len(str(self.how_much)) + 1):
            self.ListOfCombinations(is_upper_then=start, is_under_then=end, combinations=cmb)
            start *= 10
            end *= 10

    def __call__(self, number, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.generated_list[number]

    def ListOfCombinations(self, is_upper_then, is_under_then, combinations):
        multi_work_list = eval(str('self.work_list,') * combinations)
        nbr = 0
        for subset in itertools.product(*multi_work_list):
            if is_upper_then <= nbr < is_under_then:
                self.generated_list.append(''.join(subset))
                if self.how_much == nbr:
                    break
            nbr += 1

and to run it:

if __name__ == '__main__':
        sm = SmallNumbers(56)
        print(sm.generated_list)
        print(sm.generated_list[34], sm.generated_list[27], sm.generated_list[10])
        print('The Best', sm(15), sm(55), sm(49), sm(0))

result

['₀', '₁', '₂', '₃', '₄', '₅', '₆', '₇', '₈', '₉', '₁₀', '₁₁', '₁₂', '₁₃', '₁₄', '₁₅', '₁₆', '₁₇', '₁₈', '₁₉', '₂₀', '₂₁', '₂₂', '₂₃', '₂₄', '₂₅', '₂₆', '₂₇', '₂₈', '₂₉', '₃₀', '₃₁', '₃₂', '₃₃', '₃₄', '₃₅', '₃₆', '₃₇', '₃₈', '₃₉', '₄₀', '₄₁', '₄₂', '₄₃', '₄₄', '₄₅', '₄₆', '₄₇', '₄₈', '₄₉', '₅₀', '₅₁', '₅₂', '₅₃', '₅₄', '₅₅', '₅₆']
₃₄ ₂₇ ₁₀
The Best ₁₅ ₅₅ ₄₉ ₀