从 3D numpy 数组创建 3D 图

Question

Ok, so I feel like there should be an easy way to create a 3-dimensional scatter plot using matplotlib. I have a 3D numpy array ( dset ) with 0's where I don't want a point and 1's where I do, basically to plot it now I have to step through three for: loops as such:

for i in range(30):
    for x in range(60):
        for y in range(60):
            if dset[i, x, y] == 1:
                ax.scatter(x, y, -i, zdir='z', c= 'red')

Any suggestions on how I could accomplish this more efficiently? Any ideas would be greatly appreciated.

Answer 1

If you have a dset like that, and you want to just get the 1 values, you could use nonzero , which "returns a tuple of arrays, one for each dimension of a , containing the indices of the non-zero elements in that dimension.".

For example, we can make a simple 3d array:

>>> import numpy
>>> numpy.random.seed(29)
>>> d = numpy.random.randint(0, 2, size=(3,3,3))
>>> d
array([[[1, 1, 0],
        [1, 0, 0],
        [0, 1, 1]],

       [[0, 1, 1],
        [1, 0, 0],
        [0, 1, 1]],

       [[1, 1, 0],
        [0, 1, 0],
        [0, 0, 1]]])

and find where the nonzero elements are located:

>>> d.nonzero()
(array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2]), array([0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2]), array([0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1, 2]))
>>> z,x,y = d.nonzero()

If we wanted a more complicated cut, we could have done something like (d > 3.4).nonzero() or something, as True has an integer value of 1 and counts as nonzero.

Finally, we plot:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
ax.scatter(x, y, -z, zdir='z', c= 'red')
plt.savefig("demo.png")

giving

Answer 2

If you wanted to avoid using the nonzero option (for example, if you had a 3D numpy array whose values were supposed to be the color values of the data points), you could do what you do, but save some lines of code by using ndenumerate .

Your example might become:

for index, x in np.ndenumerate(dset):
    if x == 1:
        ax.scatter(*index, c = 'red')

I guess the point is just that you dont need to have nested for loops to iterate through multidimensional numpy arrays.