如何在集合内部进行隐式转换？

Question

Say I have an implicit conversion:

implicit def aToB(a: A):B={
...
}

How can I get this implicit conversion to work on the elements of a List?

If I have:

val listOfA: List[A] ...

and I have a function that takes a List of B, is it possible to let Scala implicitly convert all of the elements from A's to B's?

Without implicit conversions, the conversion might look like:

lisftOfA.map(a => new B(a.someValue, a.anotherValue))

But I would love for this to happen like 'magic'... is that too much to ask.

Answer 1

Here are a few alternatives you might wish to consider:

1. Use a view bound

If it's possible to change the function that takes a List of Bs, this would be the simplest solution. Modify it to accept a List of things that can be converted to Bs. That is,

def yourFn(l: List[B]) = ...

would become

def yourFn[X <% B](l: List[X]) = ...

Then, you can just call the function with listOfA:

yourFn(listOfA)

2. Introduce a conversion method

This is similar to Rogach's first solution, except that the outer conversion is non-implicit:

def convert[B, A <% B](l: List[A]): List[B] = l map { a => a: B }

Then at your function's call-site, you would write

yourFn(convert(listOfA))

Like Rogach's second solution, this is bit safer than bringing in an implicit conversion.

3. Introduce an implicit conversion

This is equivalent to Rogach's first solution, but the notation is a bit nicer (IMO).

implicit def convert[B, A <% B](l: List[A]): List[B] = l map { a => a: B }

If this conversion is in scope at your call-site, you can just call your function with the listOfA:

yourFn(listOfA)

Parting Thoughts

It's interesting to consider how to solve this problem in a general way. What if I want to define my conversion method so that it can handle any type that implements the map method? ie,

def convert[B, A <% B, C[_]](c: C[A]): C[B] = c map { a => a: B }

This won't work, of course, since nothing in the signature expresses the constraint that C must implement map . As far as I know, expressing this constraint is fairly involved and cannot be done in a way that provides out-of-the-box support for any type that implements map . See Type-safe Scala sequence comprehensions .

Answer 2

The following is a general solution, enabling implicit conversion of lists (List[A] => List[B]) if implicit conversion A=>B is available in scope:

scala> class A
defined class A

scala> class B
defined class B

scala> implicit def a2b(a:A) = new B
a2b: (a: A)B

scala> implicit def mapI[A,B](l: List[A])(implicit conv: A => B): List[B] = l.map(conv)
mapI: [A, B](l: List[A])(implicit conv: (A) => B)List[B]

scala> List(new A): List[B]
res0: List[B] = List(B@efa0bf4)

Is this what you need?

Also, since you already have that implicit conversion, you can just write:

listOfA.map(a2b) // List[B]

It would be a bit more verbose, but gives you a bit more explicit control of your code.

Answer 3

我认为最好的可能是

implicit def asToBs(as: List[A]): List[B] = as map aToB

Answer 4

For completeness, you may wish to consider a more generic approach employing CanBuildFrom .

This program:

import scala.collection.generic.CanBuildFrom
import scala.language.{higherKinds, implicitConversions}

implicit def implyConvertedTraversable[A, B, C[X] <: Traversable[X]](as: C[A])(implicit conversion: A => B, cbf: CanBuildFrom[C[A], B, C[B]]): C[B] = {
  val builder = cbf(as)
  builder.sizeHint(as)
  builder ++= as.map(conversion)
  builder.result()
}

implicit def implyString(a: Int): String = a.toString

val intList = List(1, 2, 3)
val intStream = Stream(1, 2, 3)

val stringList: List[String] = intList
val stringStream: Stream[String] = intStream

Yields:

intList: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3)
intStream: scala.collection.immutable.Stream[Int] = Stream(1, ?)

stringList: List[String] = List(1, 2, 3)
stringStream: Stream[String] = Stream(1, ?)