Python：如何跟踪对象是否仍处于“使用”状态？

Question

I have a text editing program that hands out cursors to other parts of the program that require it. The cursor consists of a two part list, [start, end] , which needs to be updated every time text is inserted/removed (the start/end index gets moved forward or backwards).

When the cursor is no longer used, I want to stop updating it, since there are many and they are time consuming to update. By not in use, I mean that the object that requested it no longer references it - it no longer cares about it. (For example: it has a list of cursors to all search results for the word 'bob', and a new search was made for the word 'fred', so now it replaces its result list with a new list of new cursors... the old list and its cursors are no longer used.)

I can require that any object using the cursor calls a .finished() method when it no longer needs it. But it would be easier if I could detect when it is no longer being referenced by anything outside of the editor. How do I check this in python (I know the garbage cleanup maintains a list, and deletes it when no longer referenced)?

Answer 1

Use a weak reference from the weakref module to hold your cursor reference.

When the referent of a weak reference no longer has any strong (normal) references to it, the weakref will resolve to None .

>>> import weakref
>>> class Cursor: pass
... 
>>> _ = None # suppress special _ variable
>>> a = Cursor()
>>> r = weakref.ref(a)
>>> print r()
<__main__.Cursor instance at 0x1004a2bd8>
>>> del a
>>> print r()
None

You can put all those weakrefs in a collection (or use WeakKeyDictionary , WeakValueDictionary , or WeakSet ) to keep track of the various cursors you have to update.

Answer 2

除了@nneonneo所说的，你应该定期浏览你的光标弱引用列表并剔除None s否则你将会得到一个不断增长的None列表