将Akka的未来[A]转换为未来[要么[例外，A]]

Question

Is there a method in Akka (or in the standard library in Scala 2.10) to convert a Future[A] which might fail into a Future[Either[Exception,A]] ? I know that you can write

f.map(Right(_)).recover {
  case e:Exception => Left(e)
}

It just seems to be such a common task that I wonder whether I have overlooked something. I'm interested in answers for Scala 2.9/Akka and Scala 2.10.

Answer 1

The primary reason why this method is missing is that it does not really have good semantics: the static type Future[Either[Throwable, T]] does not ensure that that future cannot fail, hence the type change does not gain you much in general.

It can of course make sense if you control all the code which handles those futures, and in that case it is trivial to add it yourself (the name is due to me posting before first coffee, feel free to replace with something better):

implicit class FutureOps[T](val f: Future[T]) extends AnyVal {
  def lift(implicit ec: ExecutionContext): Future[Either[Throwable,T]] = {
    val p = promise[Either[Throwable,T]]()
    f.onComplete {
      case Success(s)  => p success Right(s)
      case Failure(ex) => p success Left(ex)
    }
    p.future
  }
}

It works very similarly with Akka 2.0 futures, hence I leave that exercise to the reader.

Answer 2

此类转换的另一个版本（在标准Scala中）：

f.transform(tryResult => Success(tryResult.toEither))

Answer 3

I don't think you would want to do this anyway. Akka 2.0.5's docs show this for akka.dispatch.Future :

abstract def onComplete[U](func: (Either[Throwable, T]) ⇒ U): Future.this.type

So the information that the Future might fail is already embedded into the behavior of a Future[T] . The same applies with Scala 2.10's futures, where a future can complete as a Try[T] which is similar in purpose to an Either[Exception, T] .

//in scala.concurrent.Future:
abstract def onComplete[U]
  (func: (Try[T]) ⇒ U)(implicit executor: ExecutionContext): Unit