为什么 System.Drawing Rectangle、Point、Size 等是可变结构而不是类？

Question

Is there a reason Microsoft decided to make these structs?

All three are mutable. I would find them much easier to deal with if they were either immutable, or if they were reference types.

If there are reasons they must be structs, why are they mutable?

Answer 1

Why are they Structs

Value Semantics
There is no essential difference between two identical instances of these values. Any Point with coordinates, [2,3] is equal to any other point with the same coordinates, much like any two int s with similar value are equal. This is in conformance with the design guideline:

It logically represents a single value, similar to primitive types (integer, double, and so on).

Performance

Value types are cheaper to allocate and deallocate.

There is often requirement to create many instances of these values. Structs cost less to create, and if they are local values, they will be created on the stack, relieving pressure from the GC.

Size
Let's consider the size of these values:
Point : 8 bytes
Size : 8 bytes
Rectangle : 16 bytes

For Point and Size , their size is the same as a reference to a class instance would be in a 64-bit system.

Quotes taken from Microsoft's guidelines: Choosing Between Classes and Structures

Why are they Mutable

These structs are fully mutable. This is done (against the guidelines) for the sake of performance, as it avoids the need to create new values for modification operations.

Regarding the OP's code example in the comments:

Point[] points = new Point[] { new Point(0,0), new Point(1,1), new Point(2,2) };

foreach (Point p in points)
{
    p.X += 1; 
}

The only reason this foreach fails, is because p is boxed to object in order to provide iteration, and you Cannot modify the result of an unboxing conversion , (thanks Rajeev) the iterator returns the data by value, and you would only be making changes to the copy of the value.

This works fine:

for (int i = 0; i < points.Length; i++)
{
    points[i].X += 1;
}

Answer 2

Microsoft doesn't need to define these structures as a class.

These are basically small structures.

• Rectangle Structure stores a set of four integers.
• Point Structure represents an ordered pair of integer x- and y-coordinates.
• Size Structure stores an ordered pair of integers.

If these are defined as a class , for Point structure, same coordinates could refer to different objects in memory. Defining as a struct , we know there is no difference between different points with same coordinates. It means they are value types. Value types are almost always cheaper to allocate. Look at their size;

Point : 8 bytes
Size: 8 bytes
Rectangle: 16 bytes

Who wants to allocate a new memory part every time they create a Point(1,2) ?