Matlab create wav file

Question

I have audio signal array. I need to create wav file.

Fs = 44100;                   % Sampling frequency
T = 1/Fs;                     % Sample time
L = 4096;                     % Length of signal
t = (0:L-1)*T;                % Time vector

%real input signal
y = [-60, -95, -144, -100, -118, -106, -92, -15, 9, -63, -33, -16, -63, -21, -11, -72, -45, -33, 45, -42, -31, 46, -73, 70, 45, 42, 97, 11, 58, -10, -3, 26, 13, 65, -22, 12, -39, -96, -23, -53, 10, 14, 9, 27, -56, -33, 21, -19, -53, -72, -106, -92, -111, -72, -67, -69, -42, -72, -85, -161, -148, -100, -65, -8, -61, -59, -125, -112, -63, -114, -50, -73, -106, -104, -97, -64, -140, -90, -134, -207, -186, -206, -172, -224, -168, -211, -256, -194, -300, -221, -223, -261, -239, -287, -241, -254, -201, -206, -222, -158, -214, -216, -206, -228, -195, -212, -188, -206, -210, -211, -234, -197, -152, -200, -184, -186, -209, -178, -250, -238, -218, -223, -196, -248, -249, -278, -311, -291, -285, -243, -237, -252, -244, -243, -260, -327, -337, -321, -314, -341, -312, -337, -367, -358, -395, -367, -395, -406, -383, -402, -335, -375, -398, -400, -438, -383, -389, -429, -432, -395, -419, -401, -393, -384, -328, -375, -339, -345, -362, -341, -345, -333, -394, -315, -357, -377, -327, -377, -280, -335, 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83, 117, 116, 146, 121, 141, 76, 29, 80, 54, 98, 105, 78, 125, 114, 110, 112, 77, 120, 136, 108, 123, 175, 188, 150, 161, 154, 173, 204, 166, 192, 168, 176, 242, 184, 252, 203, 223, 262, 176, 243, 158, 194, 209, 198, 251, 133, 205, 174, 184, 200, 153, 209, 99, 122, 89, 66, 143, 94, 139, 108, 132, 91, 23, 118, 85, 101, 108, 67, 57, 56, 120, 115, 121, 161, 152, 109, 136, 152, 131, 179, 180, 179, 146, 136, 155, 132, 111, 45, 93, 57, 7, 114, 58, 74, 84, 74, 96, 18, 123, 18, 21, 168, 24, 54, 29, -41, 32, 61, 21, -12, 27, -8, -20, 41, 3, 43, 31, -30, -20, -66, -36, -26, -48, -19, -9, -9, -101, -68, 15, -64, 23, 31, -11, 65, 51, 57, 56, 88, 53, 119, 112, 23, 172, 89, 95, 165, 60, 126, 76, 48, 112, 68, 92, 35, 45, 29, 31, 1, -59, 29, -34, -17, 5, -38, -21, -60, -36, -61, -78, -50, -13, -5, -23, 13, 5, -4, -72, -59, -52, -64, 76, -19, -29, -75, -77, -43, -140, -23, -31, -46, -42, -39, -21, -71, -14, -60, -80, -61, -64, -46, -49, 25, 15, 1, 12, -43, -78, -67, -31, 15, 23, 6, 13, -1, -29, -23, 1, 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% plot signal
plot(t,y);
title('Input Signal')
xlabel('time (milliseconds)')

%create wav.
wavwrite(y,Fs,16,'audio.wav');

Now if i want read wav file. I do:

[y, Fs, nbits, opts] = wavread('audio.wav');

y contents only -1 or 1 like [-1 -1 -1 -1 ... 1 1 -1 ] Where is the problem?

Answer 1

As y is double (the default data-type for Matlab) the documentation for wavwrite states it should be in the range -1.0 <= Y < +1.0.

Values beyond this are fixed to +1 or -1 and the warning "Data clipped during write to file:audio.wav" is given.

This is why y only contains -1 and 1s.

---

As your defining nbits as 16 I guess that y is supposed to be int16 so adding

y=int16(y);

after defining y but before running wavwrite should fix your problem.

note : if y was not originally intended to be int16 (or in the range -32768 <= y <= +32767) then this may cause changes to pitch which rescaling could fix.

Answer 2

because the input signal is contains floating-point data, you can change

wavwrite(y,Fs,16,'audio.wav');

to

wavwrite(y/max(abs(y)),Fs,16,'audio.wav');