"git cat-file -p HEAD^2" gives me the following error:
fatal: Not a valid object name HEAD^2
However, using the "~" format, it works:
$ git cat-file -p HEAD~2
gitrevision man page says the following:
... A suffix ^ to a revision parameter means the first parent of that commit object. rev^n means the nth parent (ie rev^ is equivalent to rev^1)
What have I misunderstood?
You have a similar error message on Windows (in a CMD session, not in a git-bash session).
You need to escape the ^
, with an ^
.
git cat-file -p HEAD^^2
But that won't work unless HEAD has two parents (meaning is the result of a merge), which seems to be the case here.
For instance:
C:\Users\vonc\prog\git\git>gl
* 74a844a - (HEAD -> master) Merge branch 'rj/mailmap-ramsay' (6 days ago) <Junio C Hamano>
|\
| * dafc047 - mailmap: update my entry with new email address (11 days ago) <Ramsay Jones>
* | b6bd2d0 - Merge branch 'bn/send-email-smtp-auth-error-message-fix' (6 days ago) <Junio C Hamano>
That gives:
C:\Users\vonc\prog\git\git>git cat-file -p @^2
fatal: Not a valid object name @2
C:\Users\vonc\prog\git\git>git cat-file -p @^^2
tree c78343c7a98b4cb8a455d73aeecaa8acfa2cb30e
parent f4d9753a89bf04011c00e943d85211906e86a0f6
author Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsayjones.plus.com> 1441122606 +0100
committer Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> 1442419728 -0700
Since your error message is Not a valid object name HEAD^2
, instead of Not a valid object name @2
, that means the HEAD has only one parent.
HEAD~2" works for me. Isn't "HEAD^n" equivalent to "HEAD~n"?
No:
HEAD~
andHEAD^
are equivalent.
The difference becomes apparent when you specify a number.
HEAD~2
means “the first parent of the first parent,” or “the grandparent”
X--x--x
/
Y
@~2
is X
, while @^2
is Y
.
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