If I had a compiled Golang program that I wanted to install such that I could run it with a bash command from anywhere on my computer, how would I do that? For example, in nodejs
npm install -g express
Installs express such that I can run the command
express myapp
and express will generate a file directory for a node application called "myapp" in whatever my current directory is. Is there an equivalent command for go? I believe now with the "go install" command you have to be in the directory that contains the executable in order to run it
Thanks in advance!
Using Go >= 1.11, if your current directory is within a module-based project, or you've set GO111MODULE=on
in your environment, go get
will not install packages "globally". It will add them to your project's go.mod file instead.
As of Go 1.11.1, setting GO111MODULE=off
works to circumvent this behavior:
GO111MODULE=off go get github.com/usr/repo
Basically, by disabling the module feature for this single command, it will install to GOPATH as expected.
Projects not using modules can still go get
normally to install binaries to $GOPATH/bin
.
There's a lengthy conversation and multiple issues logged about this change in behavior branching from here: golang/go - cmd/go: go get should not add a dependency to go.mod #27643 .
As far as I know, there is no direct equivalent to npm install -g
. The closest equivalent would not be go install
, but go get
. From the help page ( go help get
):
usage:
go get [-d] [-f] [-fix] [-insecure] [-t] [-u] [build flags] [packages]
Get downloads and installs the packages named by the import paths, along with their dependencies.
By default, go get
installs binaries to $GOPATH/bin
, so the easiest way to make those binaries callable from everywhere is to add that directory to your $PATH
.
For this, put the following line into your .bashrc
(or .zshrc
, depending on which shell you're using):
export PATH="$PATH:$GOPATH/bin"
Alternatively, you could also copy or link the executables to /usr/local/bin
:
ln -s $GOPATH/bin/some-binary /usr/local/bin/some-binary
The closest analogue of this in Go would be go get
. By default, it will fetch a Go package from a supplied repository URL, and requires a $GOPATH
variable to be set in your shell so that Go knows where to store the packages (and subsequently where to find them when compiling code depending on go get
-ted packages).
Example syntax:
$ go get github.com/user/repo
The behaviour supplied by npm
's -g
flag is default, and packages installed using go get
are normally available globally.
See go get --help
for more information about the command.
As mentioned by @helmbert, adding your $GOPATH
to your $PATH
is useful if you're installing standalone packages.
Short solution for Linux users:
go get
command as usual.bashrc
: # This is the default GOPATH, you should confirm with the 'go env' command
export GOPATH=$HOME/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin:$GOPATH/bin
TL;DR at the bottom. I'm going to walk you through how I came to this conclusion, and why the more obvious solutions don't work.
Upon seeing this question, I thought "If I could set root's GOPATH=/usr
, it would install things in /usr/bin/
and /usr/src
!"
So I tried the obvious thing:
Add GOPATH=/usr
to root's .bashrc
.
And it worked!
Sort of.
Not really.
Turns out, sudo
doesn't execute root's .bashrc
. For "security" or something like that.
Do env_set
or something in /etc/sudoers
Turns out, /etc/sudoers
can only remove environment variables. There's no env_set
directive.
(As far as I can find)
Dig through man sudoers
.
Where does sudo get it's default set of environment variables from?
Well, the first one in the list is /etc/environment
, so that's the one I used.
sudo echo "GOPATH=/usr" >> /etc/environment
sudo go get <repo>
Binaries will be put in /usr/bin
, and sources will be put in /usr/src
.
Running go as non-root will use GOPATH the "normal" way.
Starting with Go >= 1.16 the recommended way to install an executable is to use
go install package@version
For example, go install github.com/fatih/gomodifytags@latest
.
Executables (main packages) are installed to the directory named by the GOBIN
environment variable, which defaults to $GOPATH/bin
or $HOME/go/bin
if the GOPATH
environment variable is not set. You need to add this directory to your PATH
variable to run executables globally. In my case, I've added this line to my ~/.zshrc
file. (if you are using bash, add it to the ~/.bash_profile
file):
export PATH="$HOME/go/bin:$PATH"
Go team published a blog post about this change, here's the explanation quote:
We used to recommend go get -u program to install an executable, but this use caused too much confusion with the meaning of go get for adding or changing module version requirements in go.mod.
Refer to go install
documentation for more details
If you don't have go installed, you may use the gobinaries . it builds an on-demand binary of the project from github repo.
The command to install the go package would be:
curl -sf https://gobinaries.com/rakyll/hey | sh
if you are using zsh:
first: install your package using:
go install package@version
then, you edit your.zshrc file
nano ~/.zshrc
Add this line to the end of.zshrc file:
export PATH="$HOME/go/bin:$PATH"
last but not least:
source ~/.zshrc
then open a new terminal and execute your command:)
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