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Connecting to remote SSH server (via Node.js/html5 console)

 原文  2016-08-01 00:59:46  9   4    javascript/ node.js/ windows/ html/ ssh

Question

I have been scouring the face of the web looking to answer a question which I had thought would be simple. My goal is straight forward. I want to build out a simple web-based SSH client using Node.js module(s). I have found several options if I want to connect to the node server itself, but can't seem to find any examples of connecting to a REMOTE server.

Essentially the outcome I am looking for is a workflow like this : Connect to webserver -> Click on a server name in a list of servers -> Enter SSH session to the server I clicked on

The only thing I have found that's even remotely close to what I am looking for is guacamole . I do not want to use guacamole, however, as I want this application to be OS independent. Currently I am building it on a windows 10 platform, and will port it over to fedora when I am done.

I found this tutorial for creating an SSH terminal . However, all this does is creates (or attempts to create) an SSH connection to the local system.

Another options that looked absolutely fantastic was tty.js . Alas, the bottom-line is the same as the above tutorial. The module only allows you to connect to the node.js server, NOT to remote servers.

Anyone have information on a possible path to this goal?

4 answers

solution1
 52 ACCPTED  2016-08-01 02:32:29

This is easily doable with modules like ssh2 , xterm , and socket.io .

Here's an example:

  1. npm install ssh2 xterm socket.io
  2. Create index.html :
<html>
  <head>
    <title>SSH Terminal</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/src/xterm.css" />
    <script src="/src/xterm.js"></script>
    <script src="/addons/fit/fit.js"></script>
    <script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script>
    <script>
      window.addEventListener('load', function() {
        var terminalContainer = document.getElementById('terminal-container');
        var term = new Terminal({ cursorBlink: true });
        term.open(terminalContainer);
        term.fit();

        var socket = io.connect();
        socket.on('connect', function() {
          term.write('\r\n*** Connected to backend***\r\n');

          // Browser -> Backend
          term.on('data', function(data) {
            socket.emit('data', data);
          });

          // Backend -> Browser
          socket.on('data', function(data) {
            term.write(data);
          });

          socket.on('disconnect', function() {
            term.write('\r\n*** Disconnected from backend***\r\n');
          });
        });
      }, false);
    </script>
    <style>
      body {
        font-family: helvetica, sans-serif, arial;
        font-size: 1em;
        color: #111;
      }
      h1 {
        text-align: center;
      }
      #terminal-container {
        width: 960px;
        height: 600px;
        margin: 0 auto;
        padding: 2px;
      }
      #terminal-container .terminal {
        background-color: #111;
        color: #fafafa;
        padding: 2px;
      }
      #terminal-container .terminal:focus .terminal-cursor {
        background-color: #fafafa;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="terminal-container"></div>
  </body>
</html>
  1. Create server.js :
var fs = require('fs');
var path = require('path');
var server = require('http').createServer(onRequest);

var io = require('socket.io')(server);
var SSHClient = require('ssh2').Client;

// Load static files into memory
var staticFiles = {};
var basePath = path.join(require.resolve('xterm'), '..');
[ 'addons/fit/fit.js',
  'src/xterm.css',
  'src/xterm.js'
].forEach(function(f) {
  staticFiles['/' + f] = fs.readFileSync(path.join(basePath, f));
});
staticFiles['/'] = fs.readFileSync('index.html');

// Handle static file serving
function onRequest(req, res) {
  var file;
  if (req.method === 'GET' && (file = staticFiles[req.url])) {
    res.writeHead(200, {
      'Content-Type': 'text/'
                      + (/css$/.test(req.url)
                         ? 'css'
                         : (/js$/.test(req.url) ? 'javascript' : 'html'))
    });
    return res.end(file);
  }
  res.writeHead(404);
  res.end();
}

io.on('connection', function(socket) {
  var conn = new SSHClient();
  conn.on('ready', function() {
    socket.emit('data', '\r\n*** SSH CONNECTION ESTABLISHED ***\r\n');
    conn.shell(function(err, stream) {
      if (err)
        return socket.emit('data', '\r\n*** SSH SHELL ERROR: ' + err.message + ' ***\r\n');
      socket.on('data', function(data) {
        stream.write(data);
      });
      stream.on('data', function(d) {
        socket.emit('data', d.toString('binary'));
      }).on('close', function() {
        conn.end();
      });
    });
  }).on('close', function() {
    socket.emit('data', '\r\n*** SSH CONNECTION CLOSED ***\r\n');
  }).on('error', function(err) {
    socket.emit('data', '\r\n*** SSH CONNECTION ERROR: ' + err.message + ' ***\r\n');
  }).connect({
    host: '192.168.100.105',
    username: 'foo',
    password: 'barbaz'
  });
});

server.listen(8000);
  1. Edit the SSH server configuration passed to .connect() in server.js
  2. node server.js
  3. Visit http://localhost:8000 in your browser

solution2
 3  2021-02-11 22:23:30

Just adding updated code to @mscdex great answer because the libraries have changed over the years.

Libraries:

npm install express socket.io ssh2 xterm xterm-addon-fit

index.html:

<html>
  <head>
    <title>SSH Terminal</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/xterm.css" />
    <script src="/xterm.js"></script>
    <script src="/xterm-addon-fit.js"></script>
    <script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script>
    <script>
      window.addEventListener('load', function() {
        var terminalContainer = document.getElementById('terminal-container');
        const term = new Terminal({ cursorBlink: true });        
        const fitAddon = new FitAddon.FitAddon();
        term.loadAddon(fitAddon);
        term.open(terminalContainer);
        fitAddon.fit();

        var socket = io() //.connect();
        socket.on('connect', function() {
          term.write('\r\n*** Connected to backend ***\r\n');
        });

        // Browser -> Backend
        term.onKey(function (ev) {
          socket.emit('data', ev.key);
        });

        // Backend -> Browser
        socket.on('data', function(data) {
          term.write(data);
        });

        socket.on('disconnect', function() {
          term.write('\r\n*** Disconnected from backend ***\r\n');
        });
      }, false);
    </script>
    <style>
      body {
        font-family: helvetica, sans-serif, arial;
        font-size: 1em;
        color: #111;
      }
      h1 {
        text-align: center;
      }
      #terminal-container {
        width: 960px;
        height: 600px;
        margin: 0 auto;
        padding: 2px;
      }
      #terminal-container .terminal {
        background-color: #111;
        color: #fafafa;
        padding: 2px;
      }
      #terminal-container .terminal:focus .terminal-cursor {
        background-color: #fafafa;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h3>WebSSH</h3>
    <div id="terminal-container"></div>
  </body>
</html>

server.js:

var fs = require('fs');
var path = require('path');
var server = require('http').createServer(onRequest);

var io = require('socket.io')(server);
var SSHClient = require('ssh2').Client;

// Load static files into memory
var staticFiles = {};
var basePath = path.join(require.resolve('xterm'), '..');
staticFiles['/xterm.css'] = fs.readFileSync(path.join(basePath, '../css/xterm.css'));
staticFiles['/xterm.js'] = fs.readFileSync(path.join(basePath, 'xterm.js'));
basePath = path.join(require.resolve('xterm-addon-fit'), '..');
staticFiles['/xterm-addon-fit.js'] = fs.readFileSync(path.join(basePath, 'xterm-addon-fit.js'));
staticFiles['/'] = fs.readFileSync('index.html');

// Handle static file serving
function onRequest(req, res) {
  var file;
  if (req.method === 'GET' && (file = staticFiles[req.url])) {
    res.writeHead(200, {
      'Content-Type': 'text/'
        + (/css$/.test(req.url)
        ? 'css'
        : (/js$/.test(req.url) ? 'javascript' : 'html'))
    });
    return res.end(file);
  }
  res.writeHead(404);
  res.end();
}

io.on('connection', function(socket) {
  var conn = new SSHClient();
  conn.on('ready', function() {
    socket.emit('data', '\r\n*** SSH CONNECTION ESTABLISHED ***\r\n');
    conn.shell(function(err, stream) {
      if (err)
        return socket.emit('data', '\r\n*** SSH SHELL ERROR: ' + err.message + ' ***\r\n');
      socket.on('data', function(data) {
        stream.write(data);
      });
      stream.on('data', function(d) {
        socket.emit('data', d.toString('binary'));
      }).on('close', function() {
        conn.end();
      });
    });
  }).on('close', function() {
    socket.emit('data', '\r\n*** SSH CONNECTION CLOSED ***\r\n');
  }).on('error', function(err) {
    socket.emit('data', '\r\n*** SSH CONNECTION ERROR: ' + err.message + ' ***\r\n');
  }).connect({
    host: 'domain.tld',
    port: 22,
    username: 'root',
    privateKey: require('fs').readFileSync('path/to/keyfile')
  });
});

let port = 8000;
console.log('Listening on port', port)
server.listen(port);

solution3
 3  2021-03-07 19:56:05

Same as the above answer but actually using express and modern syntax and libraries

 const express = require('express'); const app = express(); const http = require('http').Server(app); const io = require('socket.io')(http, { cors: { origin: "*" } }); app.set('view engine', 'ejs'); app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: false, limit: '150mb' })); app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public')); app.use('/xterm.css', express.static(require.resolve('xterm/css/xterm.css'))); app.use('/xterm.js', express.static(require.resolve('xterm'))); app.use('/xterm-addon-fit.js', express.static(require.resolve('xterm-addon-fit'))); const SSHClient = require('ssh2').Client; app.get('/', (req, res) => { // res.sendFile(__dirname + '/index.html'); res.render('index'); // I am using ejs as my templating engine but HTML file work just fine. }); io.on('connection', function(socket) { var conn = new SSHClient(); conn.on('ready', function() { socket.emit('data', '\\r\\n*** SSH CONNECTION ESTABLISHED ***\\r\\n'); conn.shell(function(err, stream) { if (err) return socket.emit('data', '\\r\\n*** SSH SHELL ERROR: ' + err.message + ' ***\\r\\n'); socket.on('data', function(data) { stream.write(data); }); stream.on('data', function(d) { socket.emit('data', d.toString('binary')); }).on('close', function() { conn.end(); }); }); }).on('close', function() { socket.emit('data', '\\r\\n*** SSH CONNECTION CLOSED ***\\r\\n'); }).on('error', function(err) { socket.emit('data', '\\r\\n*** SSH CONNECTION ERROR: ' + err.message + ' ***\\r\\n'); }).connect({ host: '192.168.0.103', port: 22, username: 'kali', password: 'kali' }); }); http.listen(3000, () => { console.log('Listening on http://localhost:3000'); });
 * { padding: 0%; margin: 0%; box-sizing: border-box; } body { font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif, arial; font-size: 1em; color: #111; } h1 { text-align: center; } #terminal-container { width: 960px; height: 600px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 2px; } #terminal-container .terminal { background-color: #111; color: #fafafa; padding: 2px; } #terminal-container .terminal:focus .terminal-cursor { background-color: #fafafa; }
 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>SSH SERVER</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/xterm.css" /> <script defer src="/xterm.js"></script> <script defer src="/xterm-addon-fit.js"></script> <script defer src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script> <script defer src='/js/app.js'></script> <link rel='stylesheet' href='/css/main.css'> </head> <body> <h3>WebSSH</h3> <div id="terminal-container"></div> <script> // PLEASE USE A SEPERATE FILE FOR THE JS and defer it // like the above app.js file window.addEventListener('load', function() { const terminalContainer = document.getElementById('terminal-container'); const term = new Terminal({ cursorBlink: true }); const fitAddon = new FitAddon.FitAddon(); term.loadAddon(fitAddon); term.open(terminalContainer); fitAddon.fit(); const socket = io() //.connect(); socket.on('connect', function() { term.write('\\r\\n*** Connected to backend ***\\r\\n'); }); // Browser -> Backend term.onKey(function(ev) { socket.emit('data', ev.key); }); // Backend -> Browser socket.on('data', function(data) { term.write(data); }); socket.on('disconnect', function() { term.write('\\r\\n*** Disconnected from backend ***\\r\\n'); }); }, false); </script> </body> </html>

solution4
 1  2017-06-06 11:10:01

Try also noVnc. However, a little dig within the page of xterm.js reveals other solutions, like

WebSSH2

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