Haskell isMember function error

Question

isMember:: a -> [a] -> Bool
isMember y [] = False
isMember y (x:xs) =
 if y == x then
  True
 else
  isMember y xs

Trying to create a function that will identify whether something is a member of a list. For example:

isMember 6 [1,2,3,4,5,6]
>True

However I keep getting a complier error stating 'no instance for (Eq a) arising from the use of '=='

Help would be appreciated (I'm new to Haskell & Recursion in functional languages so explain like I'm five.)

Answer 1

you are almost there

isMember :: Eq a => a -> [a] -> Bool
isMember _ [] = False
isMember y (x:xs) =
 if y == x then True else isMember y xs

What the compiler tells you that you promised to accept any type of list members - but later you use the function == which is not available for all types (for example functions).

By adding Eq a => you say I accept all input which have an equals method.

Some additional notes

You can (re)write the last line as

isMember y (x:xs) = (y == x) || isMember y xs

which is equivalent to your implementation (thanks @chi for the comment). What is nice about your version is that it is tail recursive.

Another point to note - the pattern:

• return something for empty list case ( isMember _ [] = False )
• and iterate over the list with this value ( isMember y (x:xs) = ... )

happens to turn up a lot and has been abstracted into the family of fold -functions ( foldl , foldr ...). Putting it in your use case it looks like

isMember y xs = foldl False (\x b -> (x == y) || b) xs