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create a generic function that displays an alert, and accepts as input the value that is to be displayed in the alert

Function gets called. A JavaScript function is a block of code designed to perform a particular task.

A JavaScript function is executed when "something" invokes it (calls it).

function displays_Five() {
  window.alert("Five");
}
function displays_Four() {
  window.alert("Four");
}
function displays_Three() {
  window.alert("Three");
}
function displays_Two() {
  window.alert("Two");
}
function displays_One() {
  window.alert("One");
}

Here's one way:

window.alert("Five");
window.alert("Four");
window.alert("Three");
window.alert("Two");
window.alert("One");

Now if you really want to create a wrapper function:

function myAlert(str) {
    window.alert(str);
}
myAlert("Five");
myAlert("Four");
myAlert("Three");
myAlert("Two");
myAlert("One");

 function myAlert(str) { window.alert(str); } myAlert("Five"); myAlert("Four"); myAlert("Three"); myAlert("Two"); myAlert("One"); 

function showAlert(contents) {
    alert(contents);
}

But why not just use the alert function itself?

simple as:

function displayAlert(text) {
    alert(text);
}

// Prompt from client
var input = prompt('What you want?');

// Make sure input is not empty (NULL) then display client input
if(input) displayAlert(input);

// Or display static text
displayAlert('Well Done.')

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