PHP/Server Side: How to properly conceal database credentials files

Question

I've had lots of problems concealing database credentials needed for PHP classes. None of the "solutions" recommended worked so far.

1) PHP manual recommends to save the credentials in a different file: check! All my PHP database classes insert the credentials from a different file.

Typical db class

class database{
private static $dbc = null;

public static function get($page,$component = null){
    if(self::$dbc === null) {
        $root = $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'];
        $path = '/some path/';
        $file = 'pdo.php';
        require( $root . $path . $file );
    }
 ...more code...

credentials file

$dbhost = 'some.host';
$dbname = 'someDBname';
$dbuser = 'someUser';
$dbpass = 'somePassword';

2) Despite this, the file where I keep all the info in the web-host, the file can be sniffed or found.

How can I conceal this file, containing the database info, in order to have a REALLY secure website and database?

Answer 1

I'd recommend putting them in environment variables. You can getenv

And you can set them through either a .env (Symfony and Laravel are both using this: Example ) file, or in a .htaccess file as explained here .

Bonus: If you're paranoid, you can throw in a salt and use a hashed password, as explained here, but I doubt that this changes much.

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Edit: In the comments it was suggestion by @deceze not to store the credentials file in the document root. That's definitely something you should follow.

Let me elaborate. Let's say your domain example.com points to www/foo/bar/example.com/ don't store the file in there like www/foo/bar/example.com/db.php but store it a level up at www/foo/bar/db.php that way it can't be accessed through the browser, but PHP can still access ist, through include or require . You can add .. to a path to go one folder back. If you have it sitting in the document root, it could be accessed using http://example.com/db.php and if your server isn't configured properly (or you use another formal like db.yml or something), it could serve the file and thus expose your credentials Note: The db.php file is just an example. As stated above, I'd strongly recommend using environment variables!

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Edit 2: To stick with your example and a PHP solution without using environment variables. You could use something like this:

// the db class
class database{
    private static $dbc = null;

    public static function get($page,$component = null){
        if(self::$dbc === null) {
            $root = $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'];
            $path = '/../db/';
            $file = 'pdo.php';
            require( $root . $path . $file );

            self::$dbc = new PDO($dsn, $dbUser, $dbPass);
        }

        return self::$dbc;
    }
}

// the pdo.php file
$dsn = 'mysql:dbname=testdb;host=127.0.0.1';
$dbUser = 'dbuser';
$dbPass = 'dbpass';

The file structure would be something like

www
  foo
    yourwebsite
      .htaccess
      index.php
      foobar.php
    db
      pdo.php

The website example.com would point to www/foo/yourwebsite