Haskell IO : Printing Command Line Arguments

Question

I have this program which just prints out the command line arguments.

echoArgs :: IO ()
echoArgs = do
        line <- getArgs
        print line

What I wanted to know is that why does this fail when I type:

echoArgs :: IO ()
echoArgs = do
            line <- getArgs
            putStrLn line

and also why doesn't it work when I change it to:

echoArgs :: IO String
    echoArgs = do
                line <- getArgs
                let line' = read line :: String
                putStrLn line'

Answer 1

Because

getArgs :: IO [String]

so line in do { line <- getArgs ; ... } do { line <- getArgs ; ... } is

line    ::    [String]

but putStrLn :: String -> IO () expects a String argument, not a list of String s.

Similarly, read :: Read a => String -> a also expect a String argument, not a list of String s argument.

See also: The Guide to Types in do -notation, In Vivid Colors .

Answer 2

print produces a String from whatever argument you give it.

putStrLn , on the other hand, expects a String as an argument. (Indeed, print = putStrLn . show .) Similarly, read expects a String as an argument; in effect, it deserializes when what you are trying to do is serialize the list.

getArgs has type IO [String] , which means that line is not a String , but both String and Show a => [a] have a Show instance which print can use to make a String out of it.