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jQuery exception if element doesn't exist

I working with jQuery and I need to get anytime and anywere exception (with any operation), if I attach some event or try to perform some action with elements (got from selector) that don't exist. Is there some internal "strict" mode in jQuery for this issue?

No, there isn't.

However, you could make a simple plugin for it:

$.fn.checkEmpty = function() {
    if (!this.length)
        throw new Error("No elements matched by " + this.selector);
    return this;
};

$('...').checkEmpty().bind(...);

Alternatively:

function $s() { return $.apply(this, arguments).checkEmpty(); }

$s('...').bind(...);

Check this post for ways to handle an "exists"

Exists in jquery

No, this is the beauty of jQuery.

You could create a wrapper function

function myjQuery() {
  var res = $.apply(this, arguments);

  if (!res.size()) {
    throw new Error("No elements matched :(");
  };

  return res;
};

myjQuery('input').each();

This won't mask empty sets returned by using find() or filter() and the like, but humm...

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