How to find common elements from multiple vectors?

Question

Can anyone tell me how to find the common elements from multiple vectors?

a <- c(1,3,5,7,9)
b <- c(3,6,8,9,10)
c <- c(2,3,4,5,7,9)

I want to get the common elements from the above vectors (ex: 3 and 9)

Answer 1

There might be a cleverer way to go about this, but

intersect(intersect(a,b),c)

will do the job.

EDIT: More cleverly, and more conveniently if you have a lot of arguments:

Reduce(intersect, list(a,b,c))

Answer 2

A good answer already, but there are a couple of other ways to do this:

unique(c[c%in%a[a%in%b]])

or,

tst <- c(unique(a),unique(b),unique(c))
tst <- tst[duplicated(tst)]
tst[duplicated(tst)]

You can obviously omit the unique calls if you know that there are no repeated values within a , b or c .

Answer 3

intersect_all <- function(a,b,...){
  all_data <- c(a,b,...)
  require(plyr)
  count_data<- length(list(a,b,...))
  freq_dist <- count(all_data)
  intersect_data <- freq_dist[which(freq_dist$freq==count_data),"x"]
  intersect_data
}


intersect_all(a,b,c)

UPDATE EDIT A simpler code

intersect_all <- function(a,b,...){
  Reduce(intersect, list(a,b,...))
}

intersect_all(a,b,c)