C getopt multiple value

Question

My argument is like this

./a.out -i file1 file2 file3

How can I utilize getopt() to get 3 (or more) input files? I'm doing something like this:

while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "i:xyz.."))!= -1){
  case 'i':
     input = optarg; 
     break;
  ...
}

I get just the file1 ; how to get file2 , file3 ?

Answer 1

I know this is quite old but I came across this in my search for a solution.

while((command = getopt(argc, argv, "a:")) != -1){

    switch(command){
        case 'a':

        (...)

        optind--;
        for( ;optind < argc && *argv[optind] != '-'; optind++){
              DoSomething( argv[optind] );         
        }

        break;
    }

I found that int optind (extern used by getopt() ) points to next position after the 'current argv ' selected by getopt() ; That's why I decrease it at the beginning.

First of all for loop checks if the value of current argument is within boundaries of argv ( argc is the length of array so last position in array argv is argc-1 ). Second part of && compares if the next argument's first char is '-'. If the first char is '-' then we run out of next values for current argument else argv[optind] is our next value. And so on until the argv is over or argument runs out of values.

At the end increment optind to check for the next argv.

Note that because we are checking ' optind < argc ' first second part of condition will not be executed unless first part is true so no worries of reading outside of array boundaries.

PS I am a quite new C programmer if someone has an improvements or critique please share it.

Answer 2

If you must, you could start at argv[optind] and increment optind yourself. However, I would recommend against this since I consider that syntax to be poor form. (How would you know when you've reached the end of the list? What if someone has a file named with a - as the first character?)

I think that it would be better yet to change your syntax to either:

/a.out -i file1 -i file2 -i file3

Or to treat the list of files as positional parameters:

/a.out file1 file2 file3

Answer 3

I looked and tried the code above, but I found my solution a little easier and worked better for me:

The handling I wanted was:

-m mux_i2c_group mux_i2c_out

(2 arguments required).

Here's how it panned out for me:

case 'm':
    mux_i2c_group = strtol(optarg, &ch_p, 0);

    if (optind < argc && *argv[optind] != '-'){
        mux_i2c_out = strtol(argv[optind], NULL, 0);
        optind++;
    } else {
        fprintf(stderr, "\n-m option require TWO arguments <mux_group> "
                        "<mux_out>\n\n");
        usage();
    }

    use_mux_flag = 1;
    break;

This grabbed the first value form me as normal and then just looked for the second, REQUIRED value.

Answer 4

Note that glibc's nonconformant argument permutation extension will break any attempt to use multiple arguments to -i in this manner. And on non-GNU systems, the "second argument to -i " will be interpreted as the first non-option argument, halting any further option parsing. With these issues in mind, I would drop getopt and write your own command line parser if you want to use this syntax, since it's not a syntax supported by getopt .

Answer 5

The solution by GoTTimw has proven very useful to me. However, I would like to mention one more idea, that has not been suggested here yet.

Pass arguments as one string in this way.

./a.out -i "file1 file2 file3"

Then you get one string as a single argument and you only need to split it by space.