__builtin__ module in Python

Question

If I have a module Test and if I need to list all the functions in them, I do this:

import Test
dir(Test)

Unless I import the module I won't be able to use the functions defined in them.

But all the functions in __builtin__ module can be used without importing. But without import __builtin__ I am not able to do a dir(__builtin__) . Does that mean we use the functions without importing the entire module?

from __builtin__ import zip

Is it something like the above? But if I do del zip , I get

NameError: name 'zip' is not defined

Can anyone please explain this behavior?

Answer 1

As explained in the Python language docs , names in Python are resolved by first looking them up in the local scope, then in any enclosing local scope, then in the module-level scope and finally in the namespace of the built-ins. So built-ins are somehow special-cased. They are not imported in your module's scope, but if a name is not found anywhere else, Python will look it up in the scope __builtin__ .

Note that you can access the contents of this scope without importing it. A portable way to do this is

import sys
print(dir(sys.modules["__builtin__"]))

In CPython, this also works

print(dir(__builtins__))

but this is considered an implementation detail and might not be available for other Python implementations or future versions.

Answer 2

when python interpreter start, it will by default execute something like

from __builtin__ import *

which allows you to use all the functions/attributes defined inside __builtin__ module

However to use __builtin__ symbol itself, you need to do

import __builtin__

this is how import statement syntax works.

Answer 3

I'm by no means knowledgeable about python, but maybe dir(__builtins__) , with an "s", is what you're after?

Works for me on plain Python 3.1.