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在使用Java创建第一个子类时遇到麻烦

[英]Having trouble making my first subclass in Java

我正在尝试为我的Java课程制作一个Breakout游戏程序,该程序包含一系列彩色块(砖)。 我已经成功完成了此任务,但现在我的教练希望我们添加不同的Bricks子类。 他想要的子类之一是ColorBrick,它继承了Brick超类的所有行为,除了它具有每5个滴答变化一次的颜色数组。 构造函数采用颜色数组,而不是单一颜色。

这是我的Brick超类所拥有的:

package Breakout;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;

    public class Brick {

        public int x, y, i, j;
        public Color c;
        Brick[][] brick;

        public Brick() {
        }

        public Brick(Color c, Brick[][] brick, int i, int j) {
            this.c = c;
            this.brick = brick;
            this.x = i * 40;
            this.y = j * 10 + 50;
            this.i = i;
            this.j = j;



        }

        public void tick() {
        }

        public void paint(Graphics g) {
            g.setColor(c);
            g.fillRect(x, y, Breakout.brickWidth, Breakout.brickHeight);

        }

        public void hit(Ball b) {
            if (b.yThen > y + Breakout.brickHeight) {
                b.yv = -b.yv;
                b.yNow = 2 * (y + Breakout.brickHeight) - b.yNow;
            }
            if (b.yThen < y) {
                b.yv = -b.yv;
                b.yNow = 2 * (y) - b.yNow;
            }
            if (b.xThen > x + Breakout.brickWidth) {
                b.xv = -b.xv;
                b.xNow = 2 * (x + Breakout.brickWidth) - b.xNow;
            }
            if (b.xThen < x) {
                b.xv = -b.xv;
                b.xNow = 2 * (x) - b.xNow;
            }
            brick[i][j] = null;
        }
    }

到目前为止,这是我的colorBrick子类所拥有的:

package Breakout;

import java.awt.Color;

    public class ColorBrick extends Brick {

        Color colors[] = {Color.red, Color.green, Color.blue, Color.yellow}; 

        public ColorBrick(Color[] colors, Brick[][] brick, int i, int j){
            this.colors = colors; 
            this.brick = brick; 
            this.i = i; 
            this.j = j; 
        }

        public void tick(){

        }

    }

在这一点上,我碰壁了,我不确定从这里开始该怎么做。 我的教练说,由于某种原因,tick方法在超类中需要为空。 如果需要为空,那他为什么要我们把它放在那里? 我也不确定应该在子类tick方法中添加什么。 我到底是朝着正确的方向前进,还是到目前为止我做的一切完全错误? 任何指导将不胜感激!

如果有用,这是我的主要突破代码:

package Breakout;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.Timer;

    public class Breakout extends javax.swing.JFrame {

        public static final int fieldHeight = 600;
        public static final int fieldWidth = 400;
        public int diameter = 5;
        public int xNow = 200 - (diameter / 2);
        public int yNow = 300 - (diameter - 2);
        public int paddleWidth = 50;
        public int paddleHeight = 5;
        public int platform = 580;
        public static int mousex;
        public int mousey;
        public static int brickWidth = 40;
        public static int brickHeight = 10;
        public Random randoms = new Random();
        Brick[][] bricks = new Brick[arrayWide][arrayHigh];
        public static boolean startUp;
        public static int arrayWide = 10;
        public static int arrayHigh = 5;
        Ball ball = new Ball(200 - (diameter / 2), 20 /*300 - (diameter /2)*/, 0, 0, diameter, Color.white);
        Paddle myPaddle = new Paddle(platform, paddleWidth, paddleHeight);

        /**
         * Creates new form Breakout
         */
        public Breakout() {
            initComponents();
            clock.start();
        }

        public class MyPanel extends JPanel {

            @Override
            public void paint(Graphics g) {
                super.paint(g);
                if (startUp) {
                    ball.paint(g);
                }
                myPaddle.paint(g);

                for (int i = 0; i < arrayWide; i++) {
                    for (int j = 0; j < arrayHigh; j++) {
                        if (bricks[i][j] != null) {
                            bricks[i][j].paint(g);
                        }

                    }
                }
                // Insert code to paint the scene here.
                // Use methods in the Graphics class to do the painting
                // Remember coordinates use (0,0) at the top left

            }
        }
        public Timer clock = new Timer(50, new ActionListener() {  // 50ms delay between ticks
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                tick();               // Write a method named tick to advance your game
                jPanel1.repaint();
            }
        });  // panel is the name of the JPanel that displays the game

        public void launchball() {
        }

        public void tick() {
            ball.move();
            Brick brick2 = brickAt(ball);
            if (brick2 != null) {
                brick2.hit(ball);
            }


            myPaddle.move(mousex);
            myPaddle.bounce(ball);
            System.out.println();


        }

        public Brick brickAt(Ball b) {
            int j = (int) (b.yNow - 50) / 10;
            int i = (int) (b.xNow / 40);
            if (i < arrayWide && i >= 0 && j < arrayHigh && j >= 0) {
                return (bricks[i][j]);



            }


            return null;
        }

        /**
         * This method is called from within the constructor to initialize the form.
         * WARNING: Do NOT modify this code. The content of this method is always
         * regenerated by the Form Editor.
         */
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        // <editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Generated Code">                          
        private void initComponents() {

            jPopupMenu1 = new javax.swing.JPopupMenu();
            jPanel2 = new javax.swing.JPanel();
            jPanel1 = new MyPanel();
            jLabel1 = new javax.swing.JLabel();
            start = new javax.swing.JButton();

            org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout jPanel2Layout = new org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout(jPanel2);
            jPanel2.setLayout(jPanel2Layout);
            jPanel2Layout.setHorizontalGroup(
                jPanel2Layout.createParallelGroup(org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.LEADING)
                .add(0, 100, Short.MAX_VALUE)
            );
            jPanel2Layout.setVerticalGroup(
                jPanel2Layout.createParallelGroup(org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.LEADING)
                .add(0, 100, Short.MAX_VALUE)
            );

            setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

            jPanel1.setBackground(new java.awt.Color(0, 0, 0));
            jPanel1.addMouseMotionListener(new java.awt.event.MouseMotionAdapter() {
                public void mouseMoved(java.awt.event.MouseEvent evt) {
                    mouseMove(evt);
                }
            });

            org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout jPanel1Layout = new org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout(jPanel1);
            jPanel1.setLayout(jPanel1Layout);
            jPanel1Layout.setHorizontalGroup(
                jPanel1Layout.createParallelGroup(org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.LEADING)
                .add(0, 400, Short.MAX_VALUE)
            );
            jPanel1Layout.setVerticalGroup(
                jPanel1Layout.createParallelGroup(org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.LEADING)
                .add(0, 600, Short.MAX_VALUE)
            );

            jLabel1.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Hobo Std", 1, 24)); // NOI18N
            jLabel1.setForeground(new java.awt.Color(153, 51, 255));
            jLabel1.setText("Breakout");

            start.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Hobo Std", 0, 13)); // NOI18N
            start.setForeground(new java.awt.Color(255, 51, 0));
            start.setText("Start");
            start.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
                public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
                    startActionPerformed(evt);
                }
            });

            org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout layout = new org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout(getContentPane());
            getContentPane().setLayout(layout);
            layout.setHorizontalGroup(
                layout.createParallelGroup(org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.LEADING)
                .add(layout.createSequentialGroup()
                    .add(layout.createParallelGroup(org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.LEADING)
                        .add(layout.createSequentialGroup()
                            .add(164, 164, 164)
                            .add(jLabel1))
                        .add(layout.createSequentialGroup()
                            .add(15, 15, 15)
                            .add(jPanel1, org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                        .add(layout.createSequentialGroup()
                            .add(175, 175, 175)
                            .add(start)))
                    .addContainerGap(17, Short.MAX_VALUE))
            );
            layout.setVerticalGroup(
                layout.createParallelGroup(org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.LEADING)
                .add(layout.createSequentialGroup()
                    .add(16, 16, 16)
                    .add(jLabel1)
                    .addPreferredGap(org.jdesktop.layout.LayoutStyle.UNRELATED)
                    .add(jPanel1, org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addPreferredGap(org.jdesktop.layout.LayoutStyle.UNRELATED)
                    .add(start)
                    .addContainerGap(10, Short.MAX_VALUE))
            );

            pack();
        }// </editor-fold>                        

        private void mouseMove(java.awt.event.MouseEvent evt) {                           
            mousex = evt.getX();
            mousey = evt.getY();
        }                          

        private void startActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {                                      

            startUp = true;
            ball.xNow = 200 - (diameter / 2);
            ball.yNow = 300 - (diameter - 2);
            ball.xv = 0;
            ball.yv = 8;
            for (int i = 0; i < arrayWide; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < arrayHigh; j++) {
                    if ((j % 2 == 0 && i % 2 == 0) || (j % 2 == 1 && i % 2 == 1)) {
                        bricks[i][j] = new Brick(Color.magenta, bricks, i, j);
                    } else {
                        bricks[i][j] = new Brick(Color.gray, bricks, i, j);
                    }

                }
            }
        }                                     

        /**
         * @param args the command line arguments
         */
        public static void main(String args[]) {
            /* Set the Nimbus look and feel */
            //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Look and feel setting code (optional) ">
            /* If Nimbus (introduced in Java SE 6) is not available, stay with the default look and feel.
             * For details see http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/lookandfeel/plaf.html 
             */
            try {
                for (javax.swing.UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : javax.swing.UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels()) {
                    if ("Nimbus".equals(info.getName())) {
                        javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(info.getClassName());
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
                java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(Breakout.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            } catch (InstantiationException ex) {
                java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(Breakout.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
                java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(Breakout.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            } catch (javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
                java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(Breakout.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            }
            //</editor-fold>

            /* Create and display the form */
            java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    new Breakout().setVisible(true);
                }
            });
        }

由于这听起来像homework.classwork,所以我不会详细介绍。

大概,某事(TBD)将每5秒(或定期)调用一次tick()。 普通的Brick什么都不做。 您的ColorBrick应该每5秒钟更改为下一个颜色。 它需要以某种方式知道它的当前颜色,然后更改为下一个。

Brick需要有一个空的tick方法,以便另一个类只需要处理Bricks。 调用tick的类不需要知道它是Brick还是ColorBrick tick的行为由运行时类指定; 这是多态性-相关类对同一方法调用做出不同反应的能力。

子类tick方法需要跟踪已生成的tick数量。 必要时,它将更改Color变量c

我可能要进行的另一项更改是在您的ColorBrick构造函数中:利用super调用超类构造函数,以免重复您的代码。

另外,声明实例变量( cxy等) protected以便只有类本身和子类才能直接访问它们。

tick方法需要在超类上存在,因为我想这样做的目的是针对每个存在的Brick都将调用tick()(可能在主Breakout类中,可能在循环中)。 超类中的tick()方法指定“默认”行为,该行为不执行任何操作。 对于您的ColorBrick类,当调用刻度时,颜色需要每五个刻度更改一次,因此您需要在子类(ColorBrick)中指定这种特殊的行为方式。

为此,ColorBrick需要一种方法来计数tick()被调用的次数。 添加了可以执行此操作的代码后,您就可以考虑在某些刻度上更改ColorBrick的颜色:您的ColorBrick已经“知道”它的当前颜色,因为它是从Brick扩展而来的,Brick具有Color属性( c),因此是在某些价格变动时更改该值的情况。

我已经故意离开了这个模糊的地方,因为我不想为您完成任务,但是请随时提出任何问题。

您需要在ColorBrick实现您的tick方法,如下所示:

private int i = 0;
public void tick(){
    c = colors[i++ % colors.length];
}

现在,在制作图形应用程序时,您可以简单地使用Brick类来创建ColorBricks 例如,添加多块砖砌成一堵墙:

Brick[][] wall = new Brick[5][5];

上面数组中的某些Brick可能是ColorBrick 这允许为每个Brick对象具有通用接口,即tick()方法。 但是对于ColorBrick此方法实际上会更改Brick的颜色,就像其他Brick它什么也不做!

您可以做更多诸如DancingBrick类的事情,这些事情在每次tick之后都会改变大小。 您不需要对图形实现进行彻底的更改即可添加不同种类的Brick因为它使用的基本类型为Brick

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