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在使用Java創建第一個子類時遇到麻煩

[英]Having trouble making my first subclass in Java

我正在嘗試為我的Java課程制作一個Breakout游戲程序,該程序包含一系列彩色塊(磚)。 我已經成功完成了此任務,但現在我的教練希望我們添加不同的Bricks子類。 他想要的子類之一是ColorBrick,它繼承了Brick超類的所有行為,除了它具有每5個滴答變化一次的顏色數組。 構造函數采用顏色數組,而不是單一顏色。

這是我的Brick超類所擁有的:

package Breakout;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;

    public class Brick {

        public int x, y, i, j;
        public Color c;
        Brick[][] brick;

        public Brick() {
        }

        public Brick(Color c, Brick[][] brick, int i, int j) {
            this.c = c;
            this.brick = brick;
            this.x = i * 40;
            this.y = j * 10 + 50;
            this.i = i;
            this.j = j;



        }

        public void tick() {
        }

        public void paint(Graphics g) {
            g.setColor(c);
            g.fillRect(x, y, Breakout.brickWidth, Breakout.brickHeight);

        }

        public void hit(Ball b) {
            if (b.yThen > y + Breakout.brickHeight) {
                b.yv = -b.yv;
                b.yNow = 2 * (y + Breakout.brickHeight) - b.yNow;
            }
            if (b.yThen < y) {
                b.yv = -b.yv;
                b.yNow = 2 * (y) - b.yNow;
            }
            if (b.xThen > x + Breakout.brickWidth) {
                b.xv = -b.xv;
                b.xNow = 2 * (x + Breakout.brickWidth) - b.xNow;
            }
            if (b.xThen < x) {
                b.xv = -b.xv;
                b.xNow = 2 * (x) - b.xNow;
            }
            brick[i][j] = null;
        }
    }

到目前為止,這是我的colorBrick子類所擁有的:

package Breakout;

import java.awt.Color;

    public class ColorBrick extends Brick {

        Color colors[] = {Color.red, Color.green, Color.blue, Color.yellow}; 

        public ColorBrick(Color[] colors, Brick[][] brick, int i, int j){
            this.colors = colors; 
            this.brick = brick; 
            this.i = i; 
            this.j = j; 
        }

        public void tick(){

        }

    }

在這一點上,我碰壁了,我不確定從這里開始該怎么做。 我的教練說,由於某種原因,tick方法在超類中需要為空。 如果需要為空,那他為什么要我們把它放在那里? 我也不確定應該在子類tick方法中添加什么。 我到底是朝着正確的方向前進,還是到目前為止我做的一切完全錯誤? 任何指導將不勝感激!

如果有用,這是我的主要突破代碼:

package Breakout;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.Timer;

    public class Breakout extends javax.swing.JFrame {

        public static final int fieldHeight = 600;
        public static final int fieldWidth = 400;
        public int diameter = 5;
        public int xNow = 200 - (diameter / 2);
        public int yNow = 300 - (diameter - 2);
        public int paddleWidth = 50;
        public int paddleHeight = 5;
        public int platform = 580;
        public static int mousex;
        public int mousey;
        public static int brickWidth = 40;
        public static int brickHeight = 10;
        public Random randoms = new Random();
        Brick[][] bricks = new Brick[arrayWide][arrayHigh];
        public static boolean startUp;
        public static int arrayWide = 10;
        public static int arrayHigh = 5;
        Ball ball = new Ball(200 - (diameter / 2), 20 /*300 - (diameter /2)*/, 0, 0, diameter, Color.white);
        Paddle myPaddle = new Paddle(platform, paddleWidth, paddleHeight);

        /**
         * Creates new form Breakout
         */
        public Breakout() {
            initComponents();
            clock.start();
        }

        public class MyPanel extends JPanel {

            @Override
            public void paint(Graphics g) {
                super.paint(g);
                if (startUp) {
                    ball.paint(g);
                }
                myPaddle.paint(g);

                for (int i = 0; i < arrayWide; i++) {
                    for (int j = 0; j < arrayHigh; j++) {
                        if (bricks[i][j] != null) {
                            bricks[i][j].paint(g);
                        }

                    }
                }
                // Insert code to paint the scene here.
                // Use methods in the Graphics class to do the painting
                // Remember coordinates use (0,0) at the top left

            }
        }
        public Timer clock = new Timer(50, new ActionListener() {  // 50ms delay between ticks
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                tick();               // Write a method named tick to advance your game
                jPanel1.repaint();
            }
        });  // panel is the name of the JPanel that displays the game

        public void launchball() {
        }

        public void tick() {
            ball.move();
            Brick brick2 = brickAt(ball);
            if (brick2 != null) {
                brick2.hit(ball);
            }


            myPaddle.move(mousex);
            myPaddle.bounce(ball);
            System.out.println();


        }

        public Brick brickAt(Ball b) {
            int j = (int) (b.yNow - 50) / 10;
            int i = (int) (b.xNow / 40);
            if (i < arrayWide && i >= 0 && j < arrayHigh && j >= 0) {
                return (bricks[i][j]);



            }


            return null;
        }

        /**
         * This method is called from within the constructor to initialize the form.
         * WARNING: Do NOT modify this code. The content of this method is always
         * regenerated by the Form Editor.
         */
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        // <editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Generated Code">                          
        private void initComponents() {

            jPopupMenu1 = new javax.swing.JPopupMenu();
            jPanel2 = new javax.swing.JPanel();
            jPanel1 = new MyPanel();
            jLabel1 = new javax.swing.JLabel();
            start = new javax.swing.JButton();

            org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout jPanel2Layout = new org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout(jPanel2);
            jPanel2.setLayout(jPanel2Layout);
            jPanel2Layout.setHorizontalGroup(
                jPanel2Layout.createParallelGroup(org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.LEADING)
                .add(0, 100, Short.MAX_VALUE)
            );
            jPanel2Layout.setVerticalGroup(
                jPanel2Layout.createParallelGroup(org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.LEADING)
                .add(0, 100, Short.MAX_VALUE)
            );

            setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

            jPanel1.setBackground(new java.awt.Color(0, 0, 0));
            jPanel1.addMouseMotionListener(new java.awt.event.MouseMotionAdapter() {
                public void mouseMoved(java.awt.event.MouseEvent evt) {
                    mouseMove(evt);
                }
            });

            org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout jPanel1Layout = new org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout(jPanel1);
            jPanel1.setLayout(jPanel1Layout);
            jPanel1Layout.setHorizontalGroup(
                jPanel1Layout.createParallelGroup(org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.LEADING)
                .add(0, 400, Short.MAX_VALUE)
            );
            jPanel1Layout.setVerticalGroup(
                jPanel1Layout.createParallelGroup(org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.LEADING)
                .add(0, 600, Short.MAX_VALUE)
            );

            jLabel1.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Hobo Std", 1, 24)); // NOI18N
            jLabel1.setForeground(new java.awt.Color(153, 51, 255));
            jLabel1.setText("Breakout");

            start.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Hobo Std", 0, 13)); // NOI18N
            start.setForeground(new java.awt.Color(255, 51, 0));
            start.setText("Start");
            start.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
                public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
                    startActionPerformed(evt);
                }
            });

            org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout layout = new org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout(getContentPane());
            getContentPane().setLayout(layout);
            layout.setHorizontalGroup(
                layout.createParallelGroup(org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.LEADING)
                .add(layout.createSequentialGroup()
                    .add(layout.createParallelGroup(org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.LEADING)
                        .add(layout.createSequentialGroup()
                            .add(164, 164, 164)
                            .add(jLabel1))
                        .add(layout.createSequentialGroup()
                            .add(15, 15, 15)
                            .add(jPanel1, org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                        .add(layout.createSequentialGroup()
                            .add(175, 175, 175)
                            .add(start)))
                    .addContainerGap(17, Short.MAX_VALUE))
            );
            layout.setVerticalGroup(
                layout.createParallelGroup(org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.LEADING)
                .add(layout.createSequentialGroup()
                    .add(16, 16, 16)
                    .add(jLabel1)
                    .addPreferredGap(org.jdesktop.layout.LayoutStyle.UNRELATED)
                    .add(jPanel1, org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, org.jdesktop.layout.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addPreferredGap(org.jdesktop.layout.LayoutStyle.UNRELATED)
                    .add(start)
                    .addContainerGap(10, Short.MAX_VALUE))
            );

            pack();
        }// </editor-fold>                        

        private void mouseMove(java.awt.event.MouseEvent evt) {                           
            mousex = evt.getX();
            mousey = evt.getY();
        }                          

        private void startActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {                                      

            startUp = true;
            ball.xNow = 200 - (diameter / 2);
            ball.yNow = 300 - (diameter - 2);
            ball.xv = 0;
            ball.yv = 8;
            for (int i = 0; i < arrayWide; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < arrayHigh; j++) {
                    if ((j % 2 == 0 && i % 2 == 0) || (j % 2 == 1 && i % 2 == 1)) {
                        bricks[i][j] = new Brick(Color.magenta, bricks, i, j);
                    } else {
                        bricks[i][j] = new Brick(Color.gray, bricks, i, j);
                    }

                }
            }
        }                                     

        /**
         * @param args the command line arguments
         */
        public static void main(String args[]) {
            /* Set the Nimbus look and feel */
            //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Look and feel setting code (optional) ">
            /* If Nimbus (introduced in Java SE 6) is not available, stay with the default look and feel.
             * For details see http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/lookandfeel/plaf.html 
             */
            try {
                for (javax.swing.UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : javax.swing.UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels()) {
                    if ("Nimbus".equals(info.getName())) {
                        javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(info.getClassName());
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
                java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(Breakout.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            } catch (InstantiationException ex) {
                java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(Breakout.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
                java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(Breakout.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            } catch (javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
                java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(Breakout.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            }
            //</editor-fold>

            /* Create and display the form */
            java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    new Breakout().setVisible(true);
                }
            });
        }

由於這聽起來像homework.classwork,所以我不會詳細介紹。

大概,某事(TBD)將每5秒(或定期)調用一次tick()。 普通的Brick什么都不做。 您的ColorBrick應該每5秒鍾更改為下一個顏色。 它需要以某種方式知道它的當前顏色,然后更改為下一個。

Brick需要有一個空的tick方法,以便另一個類只需要處理Bricks。 調用tick的類不需要知道它是Brick還是ColorBrick tick的行為由運行時類指定; 這是多態性-相關類對同一方法調用做出不同反應的能力。

子類tick方法需要跟蹤已生成的tick數量。 必要時,它將更改Color變量c

我可能要進行的另一項更改是在您的ColorBrick構造函數中:利用super調用超類構造函數,以免重復您的代碼。

另外,聲明實例變量( cxy等) protected以便只有類本身和子類才能直接訪問它們。

tick方法需要在超類上存在,因為我想這樣做的目的是針對每個存在的Brick都將調用tick()(可能在主Breakout類中,可能在循環中)。 超類中的tick()方法指定“默認”行為,該行為不執行任何操作。 對於您的ColorBrick類,當調用刻度時,顏色需要每五個刻度更改一次,因此您需要在子類(ColorBrick)中指定這種特殊的行為方式。

為此,ColorBrick需要一種方法來計數tick()被調用的次數。 添加了可以執行此操作的代碼后,您就可以考慮在某些刻度上更改ColorBrick的顏色:您的ColorBrick已經“知道”它的當前顏色,因為它是從Brick擴展而來的,Brick具有Color屬性( c),因此是在某些價格變動時更改該值的情況。

我已經故意離開了這個模糊的地方,因為我不想為您完成任務,但是請隨時提出任何問題。

您需要在ColorBrick實現您的tick方法,如下所示:

private int i = 0;
public void tick(){
    c = colors[i++ % colors.length];
}

現在,在制作圖形應用程序時,您可以簡單地使用Brick類來創建ColorBricks 例如,添加多塊磚砌成一堵牆:

Brick[][] wall = new Brick[5][5];

上面數組中的某些Brick可能是ColorBrick 這允許為每個Brick對象具有通用接口,即tick()方法。 但是對於ColorBrick此方法實際上會更改Brick的顏色,就像其他Brick它什么也不做!

您可以做更多諸如DancingBrick類的事情,這些事情在每次tick之后都會改變大小。 您不需要對圖形實現進行徹底的更改即可添加不同種類的Brick因為它使用的基本類型為Brick

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