[英]How can I get list of values from dict?
如何在 Python 中获取 dict 中的值列表?
在 Java 中,将 Map 的值作为 List 获取就像list = map.values();
一样简单。 . 我想知道 Python 中是否有类似的简单方法可以从字典中获取值列表。
dict.values
返回字典值的 视图,因此您必须将其包装在list
:
list(d.values())
你可以使用* 操作符来解压 dict_values:
>>> d = {1: "a", 2: "b"}
>>> [*d.values()]
['a', 'b']
或列表对象
>>> d = {1: "a", 2: "b"}
>>> list(d.values())
['a', 'b']
应该有一种——最好只有一种——明显的方法来做到这一点。
因此list(dictionary.values())
是一种方式。
[*L]
vs. [].extend(L)
vs. list(L)
small_ds = {x: str(x+42) for x in range(10)}
small_df = {x: float(x+42) for x in range(10)}
print('Small Dict(str)')
%timeit [*small_ds.values()]
%timeit [].extend(small_ds.values())
%timeit list(small_ds.values())
print('Small Dict(float)')
%timeit [*small_df.values()]
%timeit [].extend(small_df.values())
%timeit list(small_df.values())
big_ds = {x: str(x+42) for x in range(1000000)}
big_df = {x: float(x+42) for x in range(1000000)}
print('Big Dict(str)')
%timeit [*big_ds.values()]
%timeit [].extend(big_ds.values())
%timeit list(big_ds.values())
print('Big Dict(float)')
%timeit [*big_df.values()]
%timeit [].extend(big_df.values())
%timeit list(big_df.values())
Small Dict(str)
256 ns ± 3.37 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)
338 ns ± 0.807 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)
336 ns ± 1.9 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)
Small Dict(float)
268 ns ± 0.297 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)
343 ns ± 15.2 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)
336 ns ± 0.68 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)
Big Dict(str)
17.5 ms ± 142 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
16.5 ms ± 338 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
16.2 ms ± 19.7 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
Big Dict(float)
13.2 ms ± 41 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
13.1 ms ± 919 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
12.8 ms ± 578 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
在 Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8650U CPU @ 1.90GHz 上完成。
# Name Version Build
ipython 7.5.0 py37h24bf2e0_0
* operator
更快list()
可能会稍微快一些按照下面的例子——
songs = [
{"title": "happy birthday", "playcount": 4},
{"title": "AC/DC", "playcount": 2},
{"title": "Billie Jean", "playcount": 6},
{"title": "Human Touch", "playcount": 3}
]
print("====================")
print(f'Songs --> {songs} \n')
title = list(map(lambda x : x['title'], songs))
print(f'Print Title --> {title}')
playcount = list(map(lambda x : x['playcount'], songs))
print(f'Print Playcount --> {playcount}')
print (f'Print Sorted playcount --> {sorted(playcount)}')
# Aliter -
print(sorted(list(map(lambda x: x['playcount'],songs))))
最直接的方法是通过迭代list_of_keys
来使用理解。 如果list_of_keys
包含的键不是d
的键,则可以使用.get()
方法返回默认值(默认为None
但可以更改)。
res = [d[k] for k in list_of_keys]
# or
res = [d.get(k) for k in list_of_keys]
通常情况下,Python 中内置了一种方法,可以获取键下的值:来自内置operator
模块的itemgetter()
。
from operator import itemgetter
res = list(itemgetter(*list_of_keys)(d))
示范:
d = {'a':2, 'b':4, 'c':7}
list_of_keys = ['a','c']
print([d.get(k) for k in list_of_keys])
print(list(itemgetter(*list_of_keys)(d)))
# [2, 7]
# [2, 7]
再一次,理解在这里起作用(迭代字典列表)。 与在列表上映射itemgetter()
以获取特定键的值一样。
list_of_dicts = [ {"title": "A", "body": "AA"}, {"title": "B", "body": "BB"} ]
list_comp = [d['title'] for d in list_of_dicts]
itmgetter = list(map(itemgetter('title'), list_of_dicts))
print(list_comp)
print(itmgetter)
# ['A', 'B']
# ['A', 'B']
out: dict_values([{1:a, 2:b}])
in: str(dict.values())[14:-3]
out: 1:a, 2:b
纯粹出于视觉目的。 不会产生有用的产品...仅当您希望以段落类型的形式打印长字典时才有用。
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