如何用python类中的方法替换装饰器

Question

所以，假设我有以下代码，我使用get_duration装饰器打印方法持续多长时间。

import datetime
import time

def get_duration(function):
  def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
    start = datetime.datetime.now()
    print "starting process %s()" %function.__name__
    function(*args, **kwargs)
    end = datetime.datetime.now()
    print "Process lasted: ", end - start
  return wrapper

class Operations(object):

  def __init__(self, a, b):
    self.a = a
    self.b = b

  @get_duration
  def add(self):
    time.sleep(1)
    print self.a + self.b

  @get_duration
  def sub(self):
    time.sleep(1)
    print self.a - self.b


my_class = Operations(2, 98)
my_class.add()
my_class.sub()

产量

>> starting process add()
>> 100
>> Process lasted:  0:00:01.000260
>> starting process sub()
>> -96
>> Process lasted:  0:00:01.001161

我可以用类方法或类似的方法替换它（伪代码跟随）：

my_class = Operations(2, 98)
my_class.add.get_duration #runs add(), prints duration
my_class.add #runs add() does not print duration

Answer 1

要完全按照您的意愿执行，您可以通过可调用类来装饰此方法。

class TimeElapser  :
   def __init__(self, function_to_wrap) :
       self.__call__ = function_to_wrap
       self.get_duration = get_duration(function_to_wrap)

例子 ：

class Foo :

    @TimeElapser
    def do_something(self, ....) :
       ...

foo = Foo()
foo.do_something() #Does something
foo.do_something.get_duration() # Does something and print duration

Answer 2

像这样的东西？

def map_func(function):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        start = datetime.datetime.now()
        print "starting process %s()" %function.__name__
        function(*args, **kwargs)
        end = datetime.datetime.now()
        print "Process lasted: ", end - start
    function.get_duration = wrapper
    return function

演示：

>>> c = Operations(100, 200)
>>> c.add()
c.300
>>> c.sub()
-100
>>> c.add.get_duration(c)
starting process add()
300
Process lasted:  0:00:01.001584
>>> c.sub.get_duration(c)
starting process sub()
-100
Process lasted:  0:00:01.003768

Answer 3

你可以这样做：

def get_duration(function):
  def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
    kwargs['self'].elapsed_time = timeit.timeit('function(*args, **kwargs)',
                                      "from __main__ import function, args, kwargs",
                                      number=1)
  return wrapper

然后你可以读取elapsed_time var来获取时间。

Answer 4

我认为这是元编程的一个很好的用例，如下所示：

import types

def my_dec(f):
    print "decorated"
    return f

class MyMetaprogrammingDecoratorClass(object):
    def __getattr__(self, attribute):
        try:
            ## we should honor inherited classes that may have defined __getattr__
            return super(MyMetaprogrammingDecoratorClass, self).__getattr__(attribute)
        except AttributeError:
            if attribute.endswith("_decorated"):
                output = object.__getattribute__(self, attribute.replace("_decorated",""))
                if isinstance(output, types.MethodType):
                    return my_dec(output)
                else:
                    raise AttributeError
            else:
                raise AttributeError

class MyCustomClass(MyMetaprogrammingDecoratorClass):
    def f(self):
        return 1

g = MyCustomClass()
print g.f()
>> 1
print g.f_decorated()
>> decorated
>> 1

所以你可以使用_decorated后缀任何方法，如果它存在，类将知道用my_dec装饰该方法。