d3 未定义 - ReferenceError

Question

我正在尝试使用在http://bl.ocks.org/kerryrodden/7090426找到的“花式图表”：

我这样做的方法是下载代码并简单地编辑 CSV 文件以匹配我的数据。 然后我只需打开 Firefox 中的 .html 文件即可查看交互式图形。 但是，在另一台计算机上使用它时出现以下错误：

ReferenceError: d3 未定义 sequences.js:25

ReferenceError: d3 未定义 index.html:28

由于我对 d3 或 javascript 几乎一无所知，所以我有点迷茫。 你们中的任何人都可以提示导致错误的原因以及我应该如何更正代码吗？

我对代码进行了一次更改，使其如下所示：

Javascript：

// Dimensions of sunburst.
var width = 750;
var height = 600;
var radius = Math.min(width, height) / 2;

// Breadcrumb dimensions: width, height, spacing, width of tip/tail.
var b = {
  w: 75, h: 30, s: 3, t: 10
};

// Mapping of step names to colors.
var colors = {
  "G0": "#5687d1",
  "G1": "#5c7b61",
  "G2": "#de783b",
  "G3": "#6ab975",
  "G4": "#a173d1",
  "G5": "#72d1a1",
  "Afgang": "#615c7b"
};

// Total size of all segments; we set this later, after loading the data.
var totalSize = 0; 

var vis = d3.select("#chart").append("svg:svg")
    .attr("width", width)
    .attr("height", height)
    .append("svg:g")
    .attr("id", "container")
    .attr("transform", "translate(" + width / 2 + "," + height / 2 + ")");

var partition = d3.layout.partition()
    .size([2 * Math.PI, radius * radius])
    .value(function(d) { return d.size; });

var arc = d3.svg.arc()
    .startAngle(function(d) { return d.x; })
    .endAngle(function(d) { return d.x + d.dx; })
    .innerRadius(function(d) { return Math.sqrt(d.y); })
    .outerRadius(function(d) { return Math.sqrt(d.y + d.dy); });

// Use d3.text and d3.csv.parseRows so that we do not need to have a header
// row, and can receive the csv as an array of arrays.
d3.text("sequences.csv", function(text) {
  var csv = d3.csv.parseRows(text);
  var json = buildHierarchy(csv);
  createVisualization(json);
});

// Main function to draw and set up the visualization, once we have the data.
function createVisualization(json) {

  // Basic setup of page elements.
  initializeBreadcrumbTrail();
  drawLegend();
  d3.select("#togglelegend").on("click", toggleLegend);

  // Bounding circle underneath the sunburst, to make it easier to detect
  // when the mouse leaves the parent g.
  vis.append("svg:circle")
      .attr("r", radius)
      .style("opacity", 0);

  // For efficiency, filter nodes to keep only those large enough to see.
  var nodes = partition.nodes(json)
      .filter(function(d) {
      return (d.dx > 0.005); // 0.005 radians = 0.29 degrees
      });

  nodes = nodes.filter(function(d) {
      return (d.name != "end"); // BJF: Do not show the "end" markings.
      });


  var path = vis.data([json]).selectAll("path")
      .data(nodes)
      .enter().append("svg:path")
      .attr("display", function(d) { return d.depth ? null : "none"; })
      .attr("d", arc)
      .attr("fill-rule", "evenodd")
      .style("fill", function(d) { return colors[d.name]; })
      .style("opacity", 1)
      .on("mouseover", mouseover);

  // Add the mouseleave handler to the bounding circle.
  d3.select("#container").on("mouseleave", mouseleave);

  // Get total size of the tree = value of root node from partition.
  totalSize = path.node().__data__.value;
 };

// Fade all but the current sequence, and show it in the breadcrumb trail.
function mouseover(d) {

  var percentage = (100 * d.value / totalSize).toPrecision(3);
  var percentageString = percentage + "%";
  if (percentage < 0.1) {
    percentageString = "< 0.1%";
  }

  d3.select("#percentage")
      .text(percentageString);

  d3.select("#explanation")
      .style("visibility", "");

  var sequenceArray = getAncestors(d);
  updateBreadcrumbs(sequenceArray, percentageString);

  // Fade all the segments.
  d3.selectAll("path")
      .style("opacity", 0.3);

  // Then highlight only those that are an ancestor of the current segment.
  vis.selectAll("path")
      .filter(function(node) {
                return (sequenceArray.indexOf(node) >= 0);
              })
      .style("opacity", 1);
}

// Restore everything to full opacity when moving off the visualization.
function mouseleave(d) {

  // Hide the breadcrumb trail
  d3.select("#trail")
      .style("visibility", "hidden");

  // Deactivate all segments during transition.
  d3.selectAll("path").on("mouseover", null);

  // Transition each segment to full opacity and then reactivate it.
  d3.selectAll("path")
      .transition()
      .duration(1000)
      .style("opacity", 1)
      .each("end", function() {
              d3.select(this).on("mouseover", mouseover);
            });


  d3.select("#explanation")
      .transition()
      .duration(1000)
      .style("visibility", "hidden");
}

// Given a node in a partition layout, return an array of all of its ancestor
// nodes, highest first, but excluding the root.
function getAncestors(node) {
  var path = [];
  var current = node;
  while (current.parent) {
    path.unshift(current);
    current = current.parent;
  }
  return path;
}

function initializeBreadcrumbTrail() {
  // Add the svg area.
  var trail = d3.select("#sequence").append("svg:svg")
      .attr("width", width)
      .attr("height", 50)
      .attr("id", "trail");
  // Add the label at the end, for the percentage.
  trail.append("svg:text")
    .attr("id", "endlabel")
    .style("fill", "#000");
}

// Generate a string that describes the points of a breadcrumb polygon.
function breadcrumbPoints(d, i) {
  var points = [];
  points.push("0,0");
  points.push(b.w + ",0");
  points.push(b.w + b.t + "," + (b.h / 2));
  points.push(b.w + "," + b.h);
  points.push("0," + b.h);
  if (i > 0) { // Leftmost breadcrumb; don't include 6th vertex.
    points.push(b.t + "," + (b.h / 2));
  }
  return points.join(" ");
}

// Update the breadcrumb trail to show the current sequence and percentage.
function updateBreadcrumbs(nodeArray, percentageString) {

  // Data join; key function combines name and depth (= position in sequence).
  var g = d3.select("#trail")
      .selectAll("g")
      .data(nodeArray, function(d) { return d.name + d.depth; });

  // Add breadcrumb and label for entering nodes.
  var entering = g.enter().append("svg:g");

  entering.append("svg:polygon")
      .attr("points", breadcrumbPoints)
      .style("fill", function(d) { return colors[d.name]; });

  entering.append("svg:text")
      .attr("x", (b.w + b.t) / 2)
      .attr("y", b.h / 2)
      .attr("dy", "0.35em")
      .attr("text-anchor", "middle")
      .text(function(d) { return d.name; });

  // Set position for entering and updating nodes.
  g.attr("transform", function(d, i) {
    return "translate(" + i * (b.w + b.s) + ", 0)";
  });

  // Remove exiting nodes.
  g.exit().remove();

  // Now move and update the percentage at the end.
  d3.select("#trail").select("#endlabel")
      .attr("x", (nodeArray.length + 0.5) * (b.w + b.s))
      .attr("y", b.h / 2)
      .attr("dy", "0.35em")
      .attr("text-anchor", "middle")
      .text(percentageString);

  // Make the breadcrumb trail visible, if it's hidden.
  d3.select("#trail")
      .style("visibility", "");

}

function drawLegend() {

  // Dimensions of legend item: width, height, spacing, radius of rounded rect.
  var li = {
    w: 75, h: 30, s: 3, r: 3
  };

  var legend = d3.select("#legend").append("svg:svg")
      .attr("width", li.w)
      .attr("height", d3.keys(colors).length * (li.h + li.s));

  var g = legend.selectAll("g")
      .data(d3.entries(colors))
      .enter().append("svg:g")
      .attr("transform", function(d, i) {
              return "translate(0," + i * (li.h + li.s) + ")";
           });

  g.append("svg:rect")
      .attr("rx", li.r)
      .attr("ry", li.r)
      .attr("width", li.w)
      .attr("height", li.h)
      .style("fill", function(d) { return d.value; });

  g.append("svg:text")
      .attr("x", li.w / 2)
      .attr("y", li.h / 2)
      .attr("dy", "0.35em")
      .attr("text-anchor", "middle")
      .text(function(d) { return d.key; });
}

function toggleLegend() {
  var legend = d3.select("#legend");
  if (legend.style("visibility") == "hidden") {
    legend.style("visibility", "");
  } else {
    legend.style("visibility", "hidden");
  }
}

// Take a 2-column CSV and transform it into a hierarchical structure suitable
// for a partition layout. The first column is a sequence of step names, from
// root to leaf, separated by hyphens. The second column is a count of how 
// often that sequence occurred.
function buildHierarchy(csv) {
  var root = {"name": "root", "children": []};
  for (var i = 0; i < csv.length; i++) {
    var sequence = csv[i][0];
    var size = +csv[i][1];
    if (isNaN(size)) { // e.g. if this is a header row
      continue;
    }
    var parts = sequence.split("-");
    var currentNode = root;
    for (var j = 0; j < parts.length; j++) {
      var children = currentNode["children"];
      var nodeName = parts[j];
      var childNode;
      if (j + 1 < parts.length) {
   // Not yet at the end of the sequence; move down the tree.
    var foundChild = false;
    for (var k = 0; k < children.length; k++) {
      if (children[k]["name"] == nodeName) {
        childNode = children[k];
        foundChild = true;
        break;
      }
    }
  // If we don't already have a child node for this branch, create it.
    if (!foundChild) {
      childNode = {"name": nodeName, "children": []};
      children.push(childNode);
    }
    currentNode = childNode;
      } else {
    // Reached the end of the sequence; create a leaf node.
    childNode = {"name": nodeName, "size": size};
    children.push(childNode);
      }
    }
  }
  return root;
};

HTML：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>Flow for G1 customers</title>
    <script src="http://d3js.org/d3.v3.min.js"></script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
      href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,600">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="sequences.css"/>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="main">
      <div id="sequence"></div>
      <div id="chart">
        <div id="explanation" style="visibility: hidden;">
          <span id="percentage"></span><br/>
          of G1 customers follow this flow.
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div id="sidebar">
      <input type="checkbox" id="togglelegend"> Legend<br/>
      <div id="legend" style="visibility: hidden;"></div>
    </div>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="sequences.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
      // Hack to make this example display correctly in an iframe on bl.ocks.org
      d3.select(self.frameElement).style("height", "700px");
  </script> 
  </body>
</html>

Answer 1

有同样的问题，虽然我最初认为这是因为浏览器的安全限制，但事实并非如此。 当我将字符集添加到脚本标记时，它起作用了，如下所示：

<script src="http://d3js.org/d3.v3.min.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

d3 文档中显示了相同的内容，尽管它没有特别提到这个问题： http : //d3js.org/

是的，在本地使用它也可以。

<script src="d3.min.js"></script>

这是完整的示例：

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>D3 tutorial</title>
    <script src="http://d3js.org/d3.v3.min.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
    <!--<script src="d3.min.js"></script>-->
</head> 
<body>
    <script>
        var canvas = d3.select("body")
                        .append("svg")
                        .attr("width", 500)
                        .attr("height", 500);
        var circle = canvas.append("circle")
                        .attr("cx",250)
                        .attr("cy", 250)
                        .attr("r", 50)
                        .attr("fill", "red");
    </script>
</body> 
</html>

Answer 2

可能存在阻止浏览器下载 D3 脚本的安全限制。 您可以做的是下载脚本，将它们与您的文件放在同一文件夹中，然后更改源中的引用路径。

Answer 3

您可能还需要添加：

<meta charset="utf-8">

或者

<meta content="utf-8" http-equiv="encoding">

到你的头部部分

Answer 4

如果浏览器没有阻止它下载并且仍然出现错误，d3.js 应该放在 jquery 之前。

Answer 5

将 <meta charset="ISO-8859-1"> 替换为 <meta charset="UTF-8">

Answer 6

我只是将我对包的引用作为 head 标签中的第一个导入：

<head>
<script src="http://d3js.org/d3.v3.min.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
...
...
</head>

似乎对我有用

Answer 7

我不得不做一个grunt build来摆脱这个错误。 （使用 Yeoman 和 Ember.js。）

Answer 8

如果您使用的是 Visual Studio，则可以转到工具 -> 选项 -> 文本编辑器 -> JavaScript -> IntelliSense 并选中“下载远程引用”框。 这对我有用。

Answer 9

更新：现在有一个d3-webpack-loader包，可以很容易地在 webpack 中加载 d3。 我不是包的创建者，我只是用它来看看它是否有效。 这是一个快速示例。

// Install the loader
npm install --save d3-webpack-loader

// Install the d3 microservices you need
npm install --save d3-color
npm install --save d3-selection

在我们的entry.js文件中，我们需要d3使用d3-webpack-loader和：

const d3 = require('d3!');

然后可以使用一些d3方法：

d3.selectAll("p").style("color", d3.color("red").darker());

Answer 10

对于像我这样的 JavaScript 菜鸟 - 问题可能是您没有正确导入它。 尝试阅读导入文档和诸如：

import * as d3 from 'd3-transition'

Answer 11

这个回复太晚了，但上述解决方案都没有对我有用。 不过我找到了解决方法！

我在 macOS Catalina 上。 出于某种奇怪的原因，原来是 Observable 网站上的 .tgz 文件的解压/解包问题。 我使用一个名为 The Unarchiver 的应用程序来解压缩文件，但在这种情况下，.tgz 文件没有正确解压缩。 与没有使用相同程序的朋友的计算机相比，缺少一个文件夹和文件。

解决方案：我在没有第三方程序的情况下解压了 .tgz – 只使用了 macOS（只需双击文件）。 然后，我在本地加载了页面并且它工作了！

如果双击文件无法解压，请尝试在终端中运行tar -xzf filename.tgz 。

Answer 12

我假设您是从网上导入 d3。 在您的 HTML 中，确保在连接 JavaScript 文件之前导入 d3。

// Importing D3.js
<script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v5.min.js" charset="utf-8" defer></script>

// Importing D3-Scale   
<script src="https://d3js.org/d3-scale.v3.min.js"></script>

// Connecting my JS file
<script src="app.js" defer></script>