C ++ lambda不会对按值捕获的成员调用析构函数

Question

我今天在XCode下对lambdas的这种奇怪行为感到非常痛苦 - 在尝试跟踪iOS中围绕代码的几个内存泄漏之后，我将其缩小到这个（和类似的）代码片段，在那里我分配所有权使用共享指针的延迟任务的东西：

void DBStorage::dispose(std::shared_ptr<DataChunk>& dc)
{
    backgroundQueue.queueTask([=]() {
        assert( dc.use_count() == 1 );

        if (dc->isDirty()) {
            //store to disk
        }
    });
}

（注意，运行lambda时共享指针的使用计数始终为1）

执行后，此任务为pendingJob = nullptr; - pendingJob = nullptr; 我希望调用所有按值捕获的对象的析构函数，以及DataChunk的析构函数。 但是，看起来在XCode / LLVM下， lc的析构函数永远不会被调用; 使用mutable显式调用它的dtor，并用简单的delete std::function也不起作用。

这是标准行为吗？ 我当然可以手动调用dc.reset()并按预期工作，但这很有可能使用共享指针。

---

解决方案显然，这是一个已知的gcc bug 。

---

的Contrib

具有Xcode 5.0.2 / clang 3.3输出的独立样品

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

void fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int>& ptr)
{
    auto lambda = [=]() { std::cout << ptr.use_count() << ':' << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << '\n'; };
    lambda();
}

void fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int> ptr)
{
    auto lambda = [=]() { std::cout << ptr.use_count() << ':' << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << '\n'; };
    lambda();
}

int main()
{
    std::shared_ptr<int> ptr(new int);
    for (int i=0; i<10; ++i)
        fnVal(ptr);
    std::cout << '\n';

    for (int i=0; i<10; ++i)
        fnRef(ptr);

    return 0;
}

LLVM / GCC输出

3:void fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int>)::<anonymous class>::operator()() const
3:void fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int>)::<anonymous class>::operator()() const
3:void fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int>)::<anonymous class>::operator()() const
3:void fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int>)::<anonymous class>::operator()() const
3:void fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int>)::<anonymous class>::operator()() const
3:void fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int>)::<anonymous class>::operator()() const
3:void fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int>)::<anonymous class>::operator()() const
3:void fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int>)::<anonymous class>::operator()() const
3:void fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int>)::<anonymous class>::operator()() const
3:void fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int>)::<anonymous class>::operator()() const

2:void fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int> &)::<anonymous class>::operator()() const
3:void fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int> &)::<anonymous class>::operator()() const
4:void fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int> &)::<anonymous class>::operator()() const
5:void fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int> &)::<anonymous class>::operator()() const
6:void fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int> &)::<anonymous class>::operator()() const
7:void fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int> &)::<anonymous class>::operator()() const
8:void fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int> &)::<anonymous class>::operator()() const
9:void fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int> &)::<anonymous class>::operator()() const
10:void fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int> &)::<anonymous class>::operator()() const
11:void fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int> &)::<anonymous class>::operator()() const

IDEOne.com输出相同的代码

3:fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int>)::__lambda1
3:fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int>)::__lambda1
3:fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int>)::__lambda1
3:fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int>)::__lambda1
3:fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int>)::__lambda1
3:fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int>)::__lambda1
3:fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int>)::__lambda1
3:fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int>)::__lambda1
3:fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int>)::__lambda1
3:fnVal(std::shared_ptr<int>)::__lambda1
2:fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int>&)::__lambda0
2:fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int>&)::__lambda0
2:fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int>&)::__lambda0
2:fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int>&)::__lambda0
2:fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int>&)::__lambda0
2:fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int>&)::__lambda0
2:fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int>&)::__lambda0
2:fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int>&)::__lambda0
2:fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int>&)::__lambda0
2:fnRef(std::shared_ptr<int>&)::__lambda0

Visual Studio 2013输出

3:fnVal::<lambda_67137a3f93ee478c018cc7068004c9fd>::operator ()
3:fnVal::<lambda_67137a3f93ee478c018cc7068004c9fd>::operator ()
3:fnVal::<lambda_67137a3f93ee478c018cc7068004c9fd>::operator ()
3:fnVal::<lambda_67137a3f93ee478c018cc7068004c9fd>::operator ()
3:fnVal::<lambda_67137a3f93ee478c018cc7068004c9fd>::operator ()
3:fnVal::<lambda_67137a3f93ee478c018cc7068004c9fd>::operator ()
3:fnVal::<lambda_67137a3f93ee478c018cc7068004c9fd>::operator ()
3:fnVal::<lambda_67137a3f93ee478c018cc7068004c9fd>::operator ()
3:fnVal::<lambda_67137a3f93ee478c018cc7068004c9fd>::operator ()
3:fnVal::<lambda_67137a3f93ee478c018cc7068004c9fd>::operator ()

2:fnRef::<lambda_70f241d4201227663d23c74be170d302>::operator ()
2:fnRef::<lambda_70f241d4201227663d23c74be170d302>::operator ()
2:fnRef::<lambda_70f241d4201227663d23c74be170d302>::operator ()
2:fnRef::<lambda_70f241d4201227663d23c74be170d302>::operator ()
2:fnRef::<lambda_70f241d4201227663d23c74be170d302>::operator ()
2:fnRef::<lambda_70f241d4201227663d23c74be170d302>::operator ()
2:fnRef::<lambda_70f241d4201227663d23c74be170d302>::operator ()
2:fnRef::<lambda_70f241d4201227663d23c74be170d302>::operator ()
2:fnRef::<lambda_70f241d4201227663d23c74be170d302>::operator ()
2:fnRef::<lambda_70f241d4201227663d23c74be170d302>::operator ()

Answer 1

正如@DaveS所指出的，这可能是一个已知的gcc错误 - 捕获的引用存储为引用。

使用存储的lambda时，一个好的经验法则是避免= ，因为存储状态应该小心处理。

void DBStorage::dispose(std::shared_ptr<DataChunk>& dc)
{
  std::shared_ptr<DataChunk> data_to_store = dc;
  backgroundQueue.queueTask([data_to_store]() { // maybe add `,this` to the capture list
    assert( data_to_store.use_count() == 1 );
    if (data_to_store->isDirty()) {
      //store to disk
    }
  });
}

要么：

void DBStorage::dispose(std::shared_ptr<DataChunk> data_to_store)
{
  backgroundQueue.queueTask([data_to_store]() { // maybe add `,this` to the capture list
    assert( data_to_store.use_count() == 1 );
    if (data_to_store->isDirty()) {
      //store to disk
    }
  });
}

作为第二位未经请求的建议， std::function s不是lambdas，调用一个theLambda会产生误导。