[英]Nested Dictionary Iteration in Python
我有一本字典,其中包含一些选项键值对,然后是一个sub_dict属性,该属性是具有相同属性的更多字典的列表,而且这些字典也有可能使sub_dict一直下降。
在python中,我将其分解并单独处理,然后一次更改一个,并希望将更改后的系统与整个系统重新组合。 我不知道如何遍历它。
{base_system: {
name: "root",
description: "data dictionary",
common_data: {},
other_data: {},
more_data: {},
sub_systems: [
{
base_system: {
name: "another system",
description: "inherits from top level",
sub_systems: [
{
base_system: {}
},
{
base_system: {}
}
]
}
},
{
base_system: {
name: "one more system",
description: "inheriting again",
sub_systems: [
{
base_system: {
name: "child system",
description: "no kids here",
other_data: {},
more_data: {}
}
},
{
base_system: {
name: "kid system",
description: "no children here"
}
}
]
}
}
]
}
}
我想做这样的事情,但是我不确定该怎么做才能递归。
#Have some recursive function to dig through the overall dictionary then test:
if the_dict_object["space_system"]["name"] == changed_json_system["space_system"]["name"]:
#then when it passes that if statement I can just set
the_dict_object = changed_json_system
但我不确定如何遍历嵌套字典,仍然掌握整个对象。
您可以使用instanceof()方法检查某物是否为字典,如果为true,则可以使您的代码遍历该字典。 在这种情况下,我将进行递归。
def read_dict(some_dictionary):
for key, value in some_dictionary:
if isinstance(value, dict):
# if value is another dict, iterate through the key,value pairs in value
read_dict(value)
elif isinstance(value, list):
# if value is a list, add your own code to iterate through a list
pass
else:
#not a dict, do what you needed to do eg:
print 'value of %s is %s' % (key, value)
read_dict(the_dict_object)
这是递归地遍历字典结构的示例代码。 对于此示例,它将描述替换为大写描述。
_DESC = "description"
_BASESYS = "base_system"
_SUBSYS = "sub_systems"
def uppercase_desc(system_info):
"""
Change a system object such that the description is in upper-case.
"""
if _BASESYS not in system_info:
return
subd = system_info[_BASESYS]
if _DESC in subd:
subd[_DESC] = subd[_DESC].upper()
if _SUBSYS not in subd:
return
for d in subd[_SUBSYS]:
uppercase_desc(d)
if __name__ == "__main__":
import json
with open("data.json", "rt") as f:
s = f.read()
system_info = json.loads(s)
uppercase_desc(system_info)
s = json.dumps(system_info, indent=4, sort_keys=True)
print(s)
上面的代码就地修改了字典。 在您进行复制并退回副本时有点棘手,但还不错。 这可能是优选的。
这里唯一棘手的部分是,默认情况下,代码使用copy.deepcopy()
。 由于我们不知道字典中可能包含什么内容,并且想返回一个副本,因此我们可以对所有内容调用copy.deepcopy()
; 它可以轻松地对简单对象(如3
(值3的整数对象))进行正确的处理。
import copy
_DESC = "description"
_BASESYS = "base_system"
_SUBSYS = "sub_systems"
def uppercase_desc(system_info):
"""
Change a system object such that the description is in upper-case.
"""
if _BASESYS not in system_info:
raise ValueError("only works on a system info dict")
# put in the base_system key and an empty subdir
newsubd = {}
new_system_info = {_BASESYS: newsubd}
subd = system_info[_BASESYS]
for key, value in subd.items():
if _DESC == key:
newsubd[key] = value.upper()
elif _SUBSYS == key:
newsubd[key] = [uppercase_desc(d) for d in value]
else:
newsubd[key] = copy.deepcopy(value)
return new_system_info
if __name__ == "__main__":
import json
with open("data.json", "rt") as f:
s = f.read()
system_info = json.loads(s)
new_system_info = uppercase_desc(system_info)
s = json.dumps(new_system_info, indent=4, sort_keys=True)
print(s)
PS您发布的示例数据不是有效的JSON。 我通过在键周围加上双引号进行了修改,并用漂亮的缩进漂亮地打印了它,以使我的测试文件为data.json
。 这里是:
{
"base_system": {
"name": "root",
"description": "data dictionary",
"more_data": {},
"common_data": {},
"sub_systems": [
{
"base_system": {
"name": "another system",
"sub_systems": [
{
"base_system": {}
},
{
"base_system": {}
}
],
"description": "inherits from top level"
}
},
{
"base_system": {
"name": "one more system",
"sub_systems": [
{
"base_system": {
"more_data": {},
"other_data": {},
"name": "child system",
"description": "no kids here"
}
},
{
"base_system": {
"name": "kid system",
"description": "no children here"
}
}
],
"description": "inheriting again"
}
}
],
"other_data": {}
}
}
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