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[英]How to retain special characters like $, £ while extracting text from a website?
[英]How to get rid of special characters while extracting data from web?
我正在从网站提取数据,并且其中包含一个特殊字符的条目,即Comfort Inn And Suites ? Blazing Stump
Comfort Inn And Suites ? Blazing Stump
。 当我尝试提取它时,它将引发错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\twisted\internet\base.py", line 824, in runUntilCurrent
call.func(*call.args, **call.kw)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\twisted\internet\task.py", line 638, in _tick
taskObj._oneWorkUnit()
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\twisted\internet\task.py", line 484, in _oneWorkUnit
result = next(self._iterator)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\scrapy\utils\defer.py", line 57, in <genexpr>
work = (callable(elem, *args, **named) for elem in iterable)
--- <exception caught here> ---
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\scrapy\utils\defer.py", line 96, in iter_errback
yield it.next()
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\scrapy\contrib\spidermiddleware\offsite.py", line 24, in process_spider_output
for x in result:
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\scrapy\contrib\spidermiddleware\referer.py", line 14, in <genexpr>
return (_set_referer(r) for r in result or ())
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\scrapy\contrib\spidermiddleware\urllength.py", line 32, in <genexpr>
return (r for r in result or () if _filter(r))
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\scrapy\contrib\spidermiddleware\depth.py", line 48, in <genexpr>
return (r for r in result or () if _filter(r))
File "E:\Scrapy projects\emedia\emedia\spiders\test_spider.py", line 46, in parse
print repr(business.select('a[@class="name"]/text()').extract()[0])
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\scrapy\selector\lxmlsel.py", line 51, in select
result = self.xpathev(xpath)
File "xpath.pxi", line 318, in lxml.etree.XPathElementEvaluator.__call__ (src\lxml\lxml.etree.c:145954)
File "xpath.pxi", line 241, in lxml.etree._XPathEvaluatorBase._handle_result (src\lxml\lxml.etree.c:144987)
File "extensions.pxi", line 621, in lxml.etree._unwrapXPathObject (src\lxml\lxml.etree.c:139973)
File "extensions.pxi", line 655, in lxml.etree._createNodeSetResult (src\lxml\lxml.etree.c:140328)
File "extensions.pxi", line 676, in lxml.etree._unpackNodeSetEntry (src\lxml\lxml.etree.c:140524)
File "extensions.pxi", line 784, in lxml.etree._buildElementStringResult (src\lxml\lxml.etree.c:141695)
File "apihelpers.pxi", line 1373, in lxml.etree.funicode (src\lxml\lxml.etree.c:26255)
exceptions.UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xc3 in position 22: invalid continuation byte
在网上搜索后,我尝试了很多不同的操作,例如: decode('utf-8')
, unicodedata.normalize('NFC',business.select('a[@class="name"]/text()').extract()[0])
但问题仍然存在吗?
源URL是“ http://www.truelocal.com.au/find/hotels/97/ ”,在此页面上,这是我正在谈论的第四项。
您在原始网页中的Mojibake不好,可能是由于某处数据条目中Unicode的处理不当所致。 当以十六进制表示时,源中的实际UTF-8字节为C3 3F C2 A0
。
我认为它曾经是U + 00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE 。 编码以UTF-8变为C2 A0
,解释作为 Latin-1的代替然后编码为UTF-8再次变得C3 82 C2 A0
,但82
是一个控制字符,如果解释为Latin-1的再次使得被取代的?
问号,编码时为3F
十六进制。
当您Comfort Inn And Suites Blazing Stump
该场所的详细信息页面的链接时,您会得到一个不同的Comfort Inn And Suites Blazing Stump
,名称相同: Comfort Inn And Suites Blazing Stump
,为我们提供Unicode字符U + 00C3,U + 201A,U + 00C2 a
HTML实体,或者再次是Unicode字符U + 00A0。 将其编码为Windows Codepage 1252 (Latin-1的超集),您将再次获得C3 82 C2 A0
。
您只能通过直接在页面源中定位此目标来摆脱它
pagesource.replace('\xc3?\xc2\xa0', '\xc2\xa0')
通过用原始的预期UTF-8字节替换火车残骸来“修复”数据。
如果您的Response
对象不清晰,请替换正文:
body = response.body.replace('\xc3?\xc2\xa0', '\xc2\xa0')
response = response.replace(body=body)
不要使用“替换”来修复Mojibake,不要修复导致Mojibake的数据库和代码。
但是首先您需要确定它是简单的Mojibake还是“双重编码”。 使用SELECT col, HEX(col) ...
确定单个字符变为2-4个字节(Mojibake)还是4-6个字节(双编码)。 例子:
`é` (as utf8) should come back `C3A9`, but instead shows `C383C2A9`
The Emoji `👽` should come back `F09F91BD`, but comes back `C3B0C5B8E28098C2BD`
在此处查看“ Mojibake”和“双重编码”
然后在这里讨论数据库修复:
首先,假设您对tbl.col声明如下:
col VARCHAR(111) CHARACTER SET latin1 NOT NULL
然后通过此两步ALTER来转换列而不更改字节:
ALTER TABLE tbl MODIFY COLUMN col VARBINARY(111) NOT NULL;
ALTER TABLE tbl MODIFY COLUMN col VARCHAR(111) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 NOT NULL;
注意:如果您以TEXT
开头,请使用BLOB
作为中间定义。 (这是“两步ALTER,如其他地方所讨论。)(请确保其他规格相同-VARCHAR,NOT NULL等)。
具有双重编码的CHARACTER SET utf8mb4
: UPDATE tbl SET col = CONVERT(BINARY(CONVERT(col USING latin1)) USING utf8mb4);
具有双重编码的CHARACTER SET latin1
:执行两步ALTER,然后修复双重编码。
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