"获取嵌套字典中所有键的列表"

Question

我想获取包含列表和字典的嵌套字典中所有键的列表。

我目前有这段代码，但似乎缺少向列表中添加一些键，并且重复添加了一些键。

keys_list = []
def get_keys(d_or_l, keys_list):
    if isinstance(d_or_l, dict):
        for k, v in iter(sorted(d_or_l.iteritems())):
            if isinstance(v, list):
                get_keys(v, keys_list)
            elif isinstance(v, dict):
                get_keys(v, keys_list)
            else:
                keys_list.append(k)
    elif isinstance(d_or_l, list):
        for i in d_or_l:
            if isinstance(i, list):
                get_keys(i, keys_list)
            elif isinstance(i, dict):
                get_keys(i, keys_list)
    else:
        print "** Skipping item of type: {}".format(type(d_or_l))
    return keys_list

Answer 1

这应该可以完成这项工作：

def get_keys(dl, keys_list):
    if isinstance(dl, dict):
        keys_list += dl.keys()
        map(lambda x: get_keys(x, keys_list), dl.values())
    elif isinstance(dl, list):
        map(lambda x: get_keys(x, keys_list), dl)

为避免重复，您可以使用 set，例如：

keys_list = list( set( keys_list ) )

示例测试用例：

keys_list = []
d = {1: 2, 3: 4, 5: [{7: {9: 1}}]}
get_keys(d, keys_list)
print keys_list
>>>> [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]

Answer 2

就目前而言，您的代码会忽略导致list或dict值的键。 删除第一个for循环中的else块，无论值是什么，您都希望添加键。

keys_list = []
def get_keys(d_or_l, keys_list):
    if isinstance(d_or_l, dict):
        for k, v in iter(sorted(d_or_l.iteritems())):
            if isinstance(v, list):
                get_keys(v, keys_list)
            elif isinstance(v, dict):
                get_keys(v, keys_list)
            keys_list.append(k)   #  Altered line
    elif isinstance(d_or_l, list):
        for i in d_or_l:
            if isinstance(i, list):
                get_keys(i, keys_list)
            elif isinstance(i, dict):
                get_keys(i, keys_list)
    else:
        print "** Skipping item of type: {}".format(type(d_or_l))
    return keys_list

get_keys({1: 2, 3: 4, 5: [{7: {9: 1}}]}, keys_list)返回[1, 3, 9, 7, 5]

为避免重复，您可以使用set数据类型而不是list 。

Answer 3

更新@MackM 对 Python 3 的响应，因为dict.iteritems已被弃用（我更喜欢在.format{}样式上使用 f 字符串）：

keys_list = []
def get_keys(d_or_l, keys_list):
    if isinstance(d_or_l, dict):
        for k, v in iter(sorted(d_or_l.items())):  #  Altered line to update deprecated method
            if isinstance(v, list):
                get_keys(v, keys_list)
            elif isinstance(v, dict):
                get_keys(v, keys_list)
            keys_list.append(k)   
    elif isinstance(d_or_l, list):
        for i in d_or_l:
            if isinstance(i, list):
                get_keys(i, keys_list)
            elif isinstance(i, dict):
                get_keys(i, keys_list)
    else:
        print(f'** Skipping item of type: {type(d_or_l)}')  #  Altered line to use f-strings
    return keys_list


unique_keys = list(set(get_keys(my_json_dict, keys_list)))  # Added line as example use case

Answer 4

这是一个简单的解决方案：

def get_nested_keys(d, keys):
    for k, v in d.items():
        if isinstance(v, dict):
            get_nested_keys(v, keys)
        else:
            keys.append(k)

keys_list = []
get_nested_keys(test_listing, keys_list)
print(keys_list)

如果您还想知道键的层次结构，可以像这样修改函数：

def get_nested_keys(d, keys, prefix):
    for k, v in d.items():
        if isinstance(v, dict):
            get_nested_keys(v, keys, f'{prefix}:{k}')
        else:
            keys.append(f'{prefix}:{k}')

Answer 5

我将通过 python 2 & 3 友好版本扩展@pm007 答案：

def get_keys(dl, keys=None):
    keys = keys or []
    if isinstance(dl, dict):
        keys += dl.keys()
        list(map(lambda x: get_keys(x, keys), dl.values()))
    elif isinstance(dl, list):
        list(map(lambda x: get_keys(x, keys), dl))
    return list(set(keys))
d = {1: 2, 3: 4, 5: {7: {1: 1}}}
get_keys(d)