（Python tkinter画布小部件）单击后如何更改9个正方形之一的颜色？

Question

我正在尝试使用python构建一个简单的Tic Tac Toe游戏，除了最后的视觉效果，现在几乎在那里：

单击画布时，我需要能够修改显示在画布上的9个正方形中的任何一个 。 已经在堆栈上搜索了一堆示例...很好...没有用，我使用字典来映射光标：

self.map = {（0，0）：0，（0，1）：1，（0，2）：2，（1，0）：3，（1，1）：4，（1，2） ：5，（2，0）：6，（2，1）：7，（2，2）：8}

左上角的第一个正方形是0，看起来像这样不起作用：id = self.canvas.create_rectangle（）对此不起作用。 self.canvas.itemconfig（ID，填充= 'BULE'）

我正在寻找一种有效的方法来访问填充或单击的正方形，而不是其余部分。 谢谢

我所有的代码都附在这里：

import tkinter
import random


    class Game(object):
        """
        Enter the class docstring here
        """
        block_size = 100
        def __init__(self, parent):
            parent.title('Tic Tac Toe')
            self.parent = parent

            self.initialize_game()

        def initialize_game(self):
            # These are the initializations that need to happen
            # at the beginning and after restarts
            self.board = [None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None]  # game board as a instance variable
            self.map = {(0, 0): 0, (0, 1): 1, (0, 2): 2, (1, 0): 3, (1, 1): 4, (1, 2): 5, (2, 0): 6, (2, 1): 7,
                        (2, 2): 8}  # map to self.board
            self.top_frame = tkinter.Frame(self.parent)
            self.top_frame.pack(side=tkinter.TOP)

            # add restart button on top frame
            restart_button = tkinter.Button(self.top_frame, text='Restart', width=20,
                                            command=self.restart)
            restart_button.pack()  # register restart_button with geometry manager

            # create bottom frame for group the label below
            self.bottom_frame=tkinter.Frame(self.parent)
            self.bottom_frame.pack(side=tkinter.BOTTOM)

            # create label for displaying game result text
            self.my_lbl=tkinter.Label(self.bottom_frame,text=None)
            self.my_lbl.pack()

            # create a canvas to draw our board on the top frame
            self.canvas = tkinter.Canvas(self.top_frame,
                                         width=self.block_size * 3,
                                         height=self.block_size * 3)
            # draw 3x3 visible blocks on the canvas
            for ro in range(3):
                for col in range(3):
                    tag=self.canvas.create_rectangle(self.block_size * col,
                                                 self.block_size * ro,
                                                 self.block_size * (col + 1),
                                                 self.block_size * (ro + 1))
            # bind entire canvas with left click  handler (play function)
            self.canvas.bind("<Button-1>", self.play)
            self.canvas.pack()                  # register canvas with a geometry manager

        def board_full(self):
            if None not in self.board:
                return True  # true for full
            else:
                return False  # false for not full


        def possible_moves(self):
            """return: list of possible moves"""
            possible_moves = []  # list for possible moves
            for i in range(0, 9):
                if self.board[i] is None:  # if cell un-taken
                    possible_moves.append(i)  # append the cell number to list
                else:
                    pass  # cell taken, don't append
            return possible_moves  # return list of possible moves

        def pc_move(self):
            m = True
            while m:
                pc_move = random.randint(0, 8)  # random generate a number from 0 to 8
                if pc_move in self.possible_moves():  # if the number is a possible move
                    self.board[pc_move] = 'O'  # do it
                    m = False  # exit loop
                else:  # not a possible movie
                    continue  # re-do
            return self

        def draw_out(self):
            """to be deleted"""
            print(self.board[0:3])
            print(self.board[3:6])
            print(self.board[6:9])

        def play(self, event):  # This method is invoked when the user clicks on a square.
            """
            when the player clicks on a un-taken square, this method first translate cursor into cell number,
            then update game board and check game result based on condition
            :parameter: click
            :return: updated game object
            """
            print('clicked', event.y, event.x)  # to be deleted
            # after the click: part 1     human play first
            my_move = self.map[(event.y // self.block_size, event.x // self.block_size)]  # map cursor
            if self.board[my_move] is None:  # check if cell is empty
                self.board[my_move] = 'X'  # if cell empty mark X for my play,  PC use O
                #self.canvas.itemconfigure(fill='blue')
                # self.draw_out()              # delete this line later
            else:  # if the cell taken, do nothing until click on empty square
                return None
            #check game result and board full:
            if (self.board_full()is True) or(
                        self.check_game()is not None):
                self.canvas.unbind("<Button-1>")    # when win, lost, tie occur,disable handler
                print(self.check_game())             # DEBUGGING DELETE
            else:
                pass
            # part 2: while not filled, PC make one move right after my move:
            self.possible_moves()  # check possible moves for PC
            self.pc_move()  # pc make move
            self.draw_out()  # DELETE LATER
            # part3: check game result and board full
            if (self.board_full()is True) or(
                        self.check_game()is not None):
                self.canvas.unbind("<Button-1>")    # when win, lost, tie occur,disable handler
                print(self.check_game())             # DEBUGGING DELETE
            else:
                pass
            return self  # when board is filled, return

        def check_game(self):
            """
            Check if the game is won or lost or a tie
            Return:  win, lose, tie, none 
            """
            result=None
            if (self.board[0] == self.board[1] == self.board[2] == 'X') or (
                                self.board[3] == self.board[4] == self.board[5] == 'X') or (
                                self.board[6] == self.board[7] == self.board[8] == 'X') or (
                                self.board[0] == self.board[3] == self.board[6] == 'X') or (
                                self.board[1] == self.board[4] == self.board[7] == 'X') or (
                                self.board[2] == self.board[5] == self.board[8] == 'X') or (
                                self.board[0] == self.board[4] == self.board[8] == 'X') or (
                                self.board[2] == self.board[4] == self.board[6] == 'X'):
                result = 'You win!'  # player win
                self.my_lbl.config(text=result)
            elif (self.board[0] == self.board[1] == self.board[2] == 'O') or (
                                self.board[3] == self.board[4] == self.board[5] == 'O') or (
                                self.board[6] == self.board[7] == self.board[8] == 'O') or (
                                self.board[0] == self.board[3] == self.board[6] == 'O') or (
                                self.board[1] == self.board[4] == self.board[7] == 'O') or (
                                self.board[2] == self.board[5] == self.board[8] == 'O') or (
                                self.board[0] == self.board[4] == self.board[8] == 'O') or (
                                self.board[2] == self.board[4] == self.board[6] == 'O'):
                result = 'You lost!'  # player lose
                self.my_lbl.config(text=result)
            else:
                if self.board_full()is True:
                    result = "It's a tie!"  # tie
                    self.my_lbl.config(text=result)
                else:
                    pass
            return result


        def restart(self):
            """ Reinitialize the game and board after restart button is pressed """
            self.top_frame.destroy()
            self.bottom_frame.destroy()
            self.initialize_game()


    def main():
        root = tkinter.Tk()  # Instantiate a root window
        my_game = Game(root)  # Instantiate a Game object
        root.mainloop()  # Enter the main event loop


    if __name__ == '__main__':
        main()

Answer 1

至少有两种方法可以解决此问题。

首先，可以使用find_closest查找最接近光标的对象。 此解决方案要牢记两件事。 首先，必须给它提供画布坐标，而不是窗口坐标（事件对象具有的坐标）。 其次，您需要为矩形提供填充颜色，或确保它们不重叠。 find_closest查找彩色像素，因此，如果没有填充颜色，它将搜索直到找到边界。 如果边界重叠（您这样做），则可能会找到错误的正方形（即：最右边正方形的左边缘与中间正方形的右边缘重叠，并且由于堆叠顺序，它会被认为是最接近的）。

因此，为矩形提供填充颜色（例如： self.canvas.create_rectangle(..., fill='white') ），然后您可以在光标下方找到正方形：

def play(self, event):
    ...
    cx = self.canvas.canvasx(event.x)
    cy = self.canvas.canvasy(event.y)
    cid = self.canvas.find_closest(cx,cy)[0]
    self.canvas.itemconfigure(cid, fill="blue")
    ...

您可以做的另一件事是使用tag_bind分别绑定到每个正方形，并使绑定将数字传递给您的函数。 再次，矩形需要填充颜色，尽管原因有所不同。 点击仅在非透明区域上注册，因此没有填充色的唯一一次注册点击是在单击边框时：

def initialize_game(self):
    ...
    tag=self.canvas.create_rectangle(self.block_size * col,
                                     self.block_size * ro,
                                     self.block_size * (col + 1),
                                     self.block_size * (ro + 1), fill="white")
    self.canvas.tag_bind(tag, "<1>", lambda event, tag=tag: self.play(event, tag))
    ...

...
def play(self, event, tag):
    ...
    self.canvas.itemconfigure(tag, fill="blue")
    ...