如何加密和解密 python 中的字符串？

Question

我一直在寻找有关如何加密和解密字符串的时间。 但大部分都在 2.7 中，任何使用 3.2 的东西都不允许我打印它或将它添加到字符串中。

所以我想做的是以下几点：

mystring = "Hello stackoverflow!"
encoded = encode(mystring,"password")
print(encoded)

jgAKLJK34t3g（一堆随机字母）

decoded = decode(encoded,"password")
print(decoded)

你好堆栈溢出！

有没有这样做，使用 python 3.X 并且当字符串被编码时它仍然是一个字符串，而不是任何其他变量类型。

Answer 1

我在 Windows 7 系统和 Python 3.5 上编译所有最常提到的加密库时遇到了麻烦。

这是最终对我有用的解决方案。

from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
key = Fernet.generate_key() #this is your "password"
cipher_suite = Fernet(key)
encoded_text = cipher_suite.encrypt(b"Hello stackoverflow!")
decoded_text = cipher_suite.decrypt(encoded_text)

Answer 2

看看PyCrypto 。 它支持 Python 3.2 并且完全符合您的要求。

从他们的 pip 网站：

>>> from Crypto.Cipher import AES
>>> obj = AES.new('This is a key123', AES.MODE_CFB, 'This is an IV456')
>>> message = "The answer is no"
>>> ciphertext = obj.encrypt(message)
>>> ciphertext
'\xd6\x83\x8dd!VT\x92\xaa`A\x05\xe0\x9b\x8b\xf1'
>>> obj2 = AES.new('This is a key123', AES.MODE_CFB, 'This is an IV456')
>>> obj2.decrypt(ciphertext)
'The answer is no'

如果要加密任意大小的消息，请使用AES.MODE_CFB而不是AES.MODE_CBC 。

Answer 3

尝试这个：

需要 Python 加密工具包 ( pycrypto )

$ pip install pycrypto

代码：

from Crypto.Cipher import AES
from base64 import b64encode, b64decode


class Crypt:

    def __init__(self, salt='SlTKeYOpHygTYkP3'):
        self.salt = salt.encode('utf8')
        self.enc_dec_method = 'utf-8'

    def encrypt(self, str_to_enc, str_key):
        try:
            aes_obj = AES.new(str_key, AES.MODE_CFB, self.salt)
            hx_enc = aes_obj.encrypt(str_to_enc.encode('utf8'))
            mret = b64encode(hx_enc).decode(self.enc_dec_method)
            return mret
        except ValueError as value_error:
            if value_error.args[0] == 'IV must be 16 bytes long':
                raise ValueError('Encryption Error: SALT must be 16 characters long')
            elif value_error.args[0] == 'AES key must be either 16, 24, or 32 bytes long':
                raise ValueError('Encryption Error: Encryption key must be either 16, 24, or 32 characters long')
            else:
                raise ValueError(value_error)

    def decrypt(self, enc_str, str_key):
        try:
            aes_obj = AES.new(str_key.encode('utf8'), AES.MODE_CFB, self.salt)
            str_tmp = b64decode(enc_str.encode(self.enc_dec_method))
            str_dec = aes_obj.decrypt(str_tmp)
            mret = str_dec.decode(self.enc_dec_method)
            return mret
        except ValueError as value_error:
            if value_error.args[0] == 'IV must be 16 bytes long':
                raise ValueError('Decryption Error: SALT must be 16 characters long')
            elif value_error.args[0] == 'AES key must be either 16, 24, or 32 bytes long':
                raise ValueError('Decryption Error: Encryption key must be either 16, 24, or 32 characters long')
            else:
                raise ValueError(value_error)

用法：

        test_crpt = Crypt()
        test_text = """Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum."""

        test_key = 'MyKey4TestingYnP'
        test_enc_text = test_crpt.encrypt(test_text, test_key)
        test_dec_text = test_crpt.decrypt(test_enc_text, test_key)
        print(f'Encrypted:{test_enc_text}  Decrypted:{test_dec_text}')

Answer 4

您可以使用库cryptocode轻松完成此操作。 以下是您的安装方法：

pip install cryptocode

加密消息（示例代码）：

import cryptocode

encoded = cryptocode.encrypt("mystring","mypassword")
## And then to decode it:
decoded = cryptocode.decrypt(encoded, "mypassword")

文档可以在这里找到

Answer 5

虽然它很旧，但我想分享另一个想法来做到这一点：

from Crypto.Cipher import AES    
from Crypto.Hash import SHA256

password = ("anything")    
hash_obj = SHA256.new(password.encode('utf-8'))    
hkey = hash_obj.digest()

def encrypt(info):
    msg = info
    BLOCK_SIZE = 16
    PAD = "{"
    padding = lambda s: s + (BLOCK_SIZE - len(s) % BLOCK_SIZE) * PAD
    cipher = AES.new(hkey, AES.MODE_ECB)
    result = cipher.encrypt(padding(msg).encode('utf-8'))
    return result  

msg = "Hello stackoverflow!"
cipher_text = encrypt(msg)
print(cipher_text)

def decrypt(info):
    msg = info
    PAD = "{"
    decipher = AES.new(hkey, AES.MODE_ECB)
    pt = decipher.decrypt(msg).decode('utf-8')
    pad_index = pt.find(PAD)
    result = pt[: pad_index]
    return result

plaintext = decrypt(cipher_text)
print(plaintext)

输出：

> b'\xcb\x0b\x8c\xdc#\n\xdd\x80\xa6|\xacu\x1dEg;\x8e\xa2\xaf\x80\xea\x95\x80\x02\x13\x1aem\xcb\xf40\xdb'

> Hello stackoverflow!

Answer 6

加密数据

首先，我们需要安装加密库：

pip3 install cryptography

• 从密码学库中，我们需要导入Fernet并开始生成密钥——对称加密/解密需要此密钥。

• 要生成密钥，我们调用generate_key()方法。

  • 我们只需要执行一次上述方法即可生成密钥。

  您需要将此密钥保存在安全的地方。 如果丢失密钥，您将无法解密使用此密钥加密的数据。

• 生成密钥后，我们需要使用load_key()加载密钥

加密消息

这是一个三步过程：

1. 对消息进行编码
2. 初始化 Fernet 类
3. 将编码的消息传递给encrypt()方法

以下是加密消息的完整工作示例：

from cryptography.fernet import Fernet

def generate_key():
    """
    Generates a key and save it into a file
    """
    key = Fernet.generate_key()
    with open("secret.key", "wb") as key_file:
        key_file.write(key)

def load_key():
    """
    Load the previously generated key
    """
    return open("secret.key", "rb").read()

def encrypt_message(message):
    """
    Encrypts a message
    """
    key = load_key()
    encoded_message = message.encode()
    f = Fernet(key)
    encrypted_message = f.encrypt(encoded_message)

    print(encrypted_message)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # generate_key() # execute only once 
    encrypt_message("Hello stackoverflow!")

输出：

b'gAAAAABgLX7Zj-kn-We2BI_c9NQhEtfJEnHUVhVqtiqjkDi5dgJafj-_8QUDyeNS2zsJTdBWg6SntRJOjOM1U5mIxxsGny7IEGqpVVdHwheTnwzSBlgpb80='

解密数据

要解密消息，我们只需调用Fernet库中的decrypt()方法。 请记住，我们还需要加载密钥，因为解密消息需要密钥。

from cryptography.fernet import Fernet

def load_key():
    """
    Load the previously generated key
    """
    return open("secret.key", "rb").read()

def decrypt_message(encrypted_message):
    """
    Decrypts an encrypted message
    """
    key = load_key()
    f = Fernet(key)
    decrypted_message = f.decrypt(encrypted_message)

    print(decrypted_message.decode())

if __name__ == "__main__":
    decrypt_message(b'gAAAAABgLX7Zj-kn-We2BI_c9NQhEtfJEnHUVhVqtiqjkDi5dgJafj-_8QUDyeNS2zsJTdBWg6SntRJOjOM1U5mIxxsGny7IEGqpVVdHwheTnwzSBlgpb80=')

输出：

Hello stackoverflow!

---

---

您的密码在secret.key中，格式类似于以下密码：

B8wtXqwBA_zb2Iaz5pW8CIQIwGSYSFoBiLsVz-vTqzw=

Answer 7

您可以按如下方式使用 Fernet：

from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
key = Fernet.generate_key()
f = Fernet(key)
encrypt_value = f.encrypt(b"YourString")
f.decrypt(encrypt_value)

Answer 8

这是一个类似于一次性密码的简单算法......出于说明目的，您可以如何使用一个str加密另一个 str 然后解密密文。

def explact(secret: str, key: str) -> str:
    """use one secret (key) to encrypt another (secret)"""
    explacted_secret_arr = []
    for idx, c in enumerate(secret):
        explacted_secret_arr.append(chr(ord(c) + ord(key[idx % len(key)])))

    return "".join(explacted_secret_arr)


def unexplact(explacted_secret: str, key: str) -> str:
    """use one secret (key) to decrypt another (explacted_secret)"""
    secret_arr = []
    for idx, c in enumerate(explacted_secret):
        secret_arr.append(chr(ord(c) - ord(key[idx % len(key)])))

    return "".join(secret_arr)

assert unexplact(explact("secret", "key"), "key") == "secret"

Answer 9

用于加密

  def encrypt(my_key=KEY, my_iv=IV, my_plain_text=PLAIN_TEXT): 

       key = binascii.unhexlify('ce975de9294067470d1684442555767fcb007c5a3b89927714e449c3f66cb2a4')
       iv = binascii.unhexlify('9aaecfcf7e82abb8118d8e567d42ee86')

       padder = PKCS7Padder()
       padded_text = padder.encode(my_plain_text)

      encryptor = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv, segment_size=128)  # Initialize encryptor
      result = encryptor.encrypt(padded_text)  

     return {
         "plain": my_plain_text,
         "key": binascii.hexlify(key),
         "iv": binascii.hexlify(iv),
         "ciphertext": result
}

Answer 10

对于解密：

     def decrypt(my_key=KEY, my_iv=IV, encryptText=encrypttext):

        key = binascii.unhexlify(my_key)
        iv = binascii.unhexlify(my_iv)
        encryptor = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv, segment_size=128)  # Initialize encryptor
        result = encryptor.decrypt(binascii.a2b_hex(encryptText))
        padder = PKCS7Padder()
        decryptText=padder.decode(result)  

           return {
          "plain": encryptText,
          "key": binascii.hexlify(key),
          "iv": binascii.hexlify(iv),
          "decryptedTest": decryptText
}