将 PPM 图像转换为灰度 C++

Question

尝试通过索引包含像素数据的指针将 PPM 图像转换为灰度：

void PPMObject::greyScale()
{
    const float r = 0.299F;
    const float g = 0.587F;
    const float b = 0.114F;

    int size = this->width * this->height * 3;
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
    {
        this->m_Ptr[i] = (this->m_Ptr[i] * r) + (this->m_Ptr[i] * g) + (this->m_Ptr[i] * b);
        this->m_Ptr[i+1] = (this->m_Ptr[i+1] * r) + (this->m_Ptr[i+1] * g) + (this->m_Ptr[i+1] * b);
        this->m_Ptr[i+2] = (this->m_Ptr[i+2] * r) + (this->m_Ptr[i+2] * g) + (this->m_Ptr[i+2] * b);
    }
}

我在哪里使用 >> 重载阅读了 PPM 图像文件：

istream& operator >>(istream &inputStream, PPMObject &other)
{
    inputStream >> other.magicNum >> other.width >> other.height >> other.maxColorValue;
    inputStream.get();
    size_t size = other.width * other.height * 3;
    other.m_Ptr = new char[size];
    inputStream.read(other.m_Ptr, size);
    return inputStream;
}

我写的数据如下：

ostream& operator <<(ostream &outputStream, const PPMObject &other)
{
    outputStream << other.magicNum  << " "
    << other.width          << " "
    << other.height         << " "
    << other.maxColorValue  << " "
    ;   
    outputStream.write(other.m_Ptr, other.width * other.height * 3);
    return outputStream;
}

读取或写入 PPM 文件没有问题。

问题只是将 PPM 图像转换为灰度——索引不是方法。 文件不变。

问题很可能是：如何从指针中获取值来操作它们？

例如，char 指针中的像素在哪里？

平均 RGB 分量值当然是另一种方法，但是我如何将平均值分配回指针？

Answer 1

在您的 greyScale() 函数中，您需要在每次遍历循环时将 i 增加 3，因为每个像素占用 3 个字节并且您一次处理一个像素：

for (int i = 0; i < size; i+=3)

此外，您当前使用的公式将使值保持不变（忽略舍入和浮点错误）。

这个：

this->m_Ptr[i] = (this->m_Ptr[i] * r) + (this->m_Ptr[i] * g) + (this->m_Ptr[i] * b);

简化为：

 this->m_Ptr[i] = (this->m_Ptr[i] * 1.0F);

正确的公式是这样的（忽略强制转换并假设数据按 RGB 顺序排列）：

for (int i = 0; i < size; i+=3)
{
    float greyscaleValue = (this->m_Ptr[i] * r) + (this->m_Ptr[i+1] * g) + (this->m_Ptr[i+2] * b);
    this->m_Ptr[i] = greyscaleValue;
    this->m_Ptr[i+1] = greyscaleValue;
    this->m_Ptr[i+2] = greyscaleValue;
}

Answer 2

我今天早些时候编写的以下程序成功地将彩色图像 (.ppm) 文件转换为灰度图像 (​​.ppm) 文件。 我添加了很多评论，以便您可以轻松地跟进。

#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    //File input and output streams
    ifstream fin("colorImage.ppm");
    ofstream fout("grayscaleImage.ppm");
    //Check if input file was successfully opened
    if (!fin) {
        cout << "Error - Nonexistent Image (.ppm) File" << endl;
        system("pause");
        return -1;  // Error exit
    }
    //Declare necessary variables
    string magic_number;
    int pixel_per_row, num_rows, color_depth, red, green, blue;
    //Read in values for the following variables from input file
    fin >> magic_number >> pixel_per_row >> num_rows >> color_depth;
    //Write the following variables to the output file
    fout << magic_number << endl << pixel_per_row << " " << num_rows << endl << color_depth << endl;
    //Read in input file until file end putting values into appropriate variables
    while (fin >> red >> green >> blue) {
        red = green = blue = int(0.3 * red + 0.59 * green + 0.11 * blue); //Covert each pixel to grayscale
        fout << red << endl << green << endl << blue << endl; //Write converted values to output file
    }
    //Close files
    fin.close();
    fout.close();
    return 0;
}