如何简化复杂的mysql全外部联接

Question

我试图在Mysql中创建一个完全外部联接。 我找到了基本问题的几个答案，并且正在使用“联合”使其正常工作。 但是，如果不依靠创建一些临时表，就无法获得正确的语法。 我尝试不使用表来生成查询，但是我始终无法获得结果来包含带有空partner_id的条目。

这是减少的数据集，已经由meeting_id过滤：

+-----+---------+--------+------------+------------+
| pid | first   | gender | meeting_id | partner_id |
+-----+---------+--------+------------+------------+
|   2 | Vicki   | F      |         74 |       NULL |
|  54 | Fazal   | M      |         74 |          4 |
|   4 | Lisa    | F      |         74 |         54 |
|  10 | Rod     | M      |         74 |         57 |
|  57 | Kellee  | F      |         74 |         10 |
|  11 | Jake    | M      |         74 |         55 |
|  55 | Rosa    | F      |         74 |         11 |
|  47 | Ralph   | M      |         74 |         46 |
|  46 | Holly   | F      |         74 |         47 |
|  40 | Wes     | M      |         74 |         12 |
|  12 | Lori    | F      |         74 |         40 |
|   5 | Richard | M      |         74 |          6 |
|   6 | Rita    | F      |         74 |          5 |
|  15 | John    | M      |         74 |         16 |
|  16 | Corie   | F      |         74 |         15 |
+-----+---------+--------+------------+------------+

我的原始查询如下所示：

set @mtg=74;

select
    a.pid,
    concat(a.first, ' ', a.last) as guy,
    a.issub as guysub,
    b.pid,
    concat(b.first, ' ', b.last) as gal,
    b.issub as galsub,
    b.partner_id
from 
    scheduled_players a
    left outer join
    scheduled_players b
    on a.partner_id = b.pid
where
    a.gender = 'M' and a.meeting_id = @mtg and b.meeting_id = @mtg

union

select
    a.pid,
    concat(a.first, ' ', a.last) as guy,
    a.issub as guysub,
    b.pid,
    concat(b.first, ' ', b.last) as gal,
    b.issub as galsub,
    b.partner_id
from 
    scheduled_players a
    left outer join
    scheduled_players b
    on b.partner_id = a.pid
where
    a.gender = 'M' and a.meeting_id = @mtg and b.meeting_id = @mtg

;

该查询未返回带有空partner_id的单个条目。 我在StackOverflow上阅读了许多答案，似乎where子句可能导致外部联接恢复为内部联接。 就我而言，我没有看到这种情况如何发生，但是为了测试这一点，我决定创建临时表以包含“ where”子句元素。 我需要为“ guys”和“ gals”中的每个人创建2个临时表，因为我在查询中有2次表。 结果在这里：

set @mtg=74;

create temporary table if not exists 
meeting_guys as select * from scheduled_players
where meeting_id = @mtg and gender='M';

create temporary table if not exists 
meeting_gals as select * from scheduled_players
where meeting_id = @mtg and gender='F';

create temporary table if not exists 
meeting_guys2 as select * from scheduled_players
where meeting_id = @mtg and gender='M';

create temporary table if not exists 
meeting_gals2 as select * from scheduled_players
where meeting_id = @mtg and gender='F';


select
    a.pid,
    concat(a.first, ' ', a.last) as guy,
    a.issub as guysub,
    b.pid,
    concat(b.first, ' ', b.last) as gal,
    b.issub as galsub,
    b.partner_id
from 
    meeting_guys a
    left outer join
    meeting_gals b
    on a.partner_id = b.pid

union

select
    a.pid,
    concat(a.first, ' ', a.last) as guy,
    a.issub as guysub,
    b.pid,
    concat(b.first, ' ', b.last) as gal,
    b.issub as galsub,
    b.partner_id
from 
    meeting_guys2 a
    right outer join
    meeting_gals2 b
    on b.partner_id = a.pid
;

事实证明这是可行的，并且我收到了预期的结果（我删除了姓氏，因为这些是真实的人）：

+------+---------+--------+------+--------+--------+------------+
| pid  | guy     | guysub | pid  | gal    | galsub | partner_id |
+------+---------+--------+------+--------+--------+------------+
|   54 | Fazal   |      0 |    4 | Lisa   |      0 |         54 |
|   10 | Rod     |      0 |   57 | Kellee |      0 |         10 |
|   11 | Jake    |      0 |   55 | Rosa   |      0 |         11 |
|   47 | Ralph   |      0 |   46 | Holly  |      0 |         47 |
|   40 | Wes     |      0 |   12 | Lori   |      0 |         40 |
|    5 | Richard |      0 |    6 | Rita   |      0 |          5 |
|   15 | John    |      0 |   16 | Corie  |      0 |         15 |
| NULL | NULL    |   NULL |    2 | Vicki  |      0 |       NULL |
+------+---------+--------+------+--------+--------+------------+

我可以得到想要的结果，但是我不明白为什么先前的查询不起作用。 幸运的是，我有一个可行的解决方案，但是我真的很想知道是否有更好，更优化的方法。

Answer 1

首先要指出的是，这未经测试，因此您可能只需要对其进行调整，但听起来比修复奇数错误的能力还强。 如果您确实需要我弄清楚为什么我做了某件事，或者您需要我来解决某件事，只需说一句话。

为了解释为什么您的第一次尝试意外消除了空记录，您正确的是您的where子句正在执行此操作。 对于左连接， a.meeting_id = @mtg and b.meeting_id = @mtg可以使用a.meeting_id = @mtg和（b.meeting_id = @mtg或b.meeting_id为null）代替a.meeting_id = @mtg and b.meeting_id = @mtg加入后，您将在左侧表格中检查null。

至于替代解决方案，我使用了一个临时表将结果集限制为仅匹配的Meeting_id的早期（以提高性能），以防您的表很大，然后在派生表中筛选M / F。

希望对您有帮助。

set @mtg=74;

create temporary table if not exists 
meeting as 
select
    pid,
    concat(first, ' ', last) as full_name,
    issub,
    partner_id,
    meeting_id,
    gender
from scheduled_players
where meeting_id = @mtg;

select
    M.pid,
    M.full_name as guy,
    M.issub as guysub,
    F.pid,
    F.full_name as gal,
    F.issub as galsub,
    F.partner_id
from 
    (select * from meeting where gender = 'M') M
    left outer join (select * from meeting where gender = 'F') F
        on M.partner_id = F.pid
UNION
select
    M.pid,
    M.full_name as guy,
    M.issub as guysub,
    F.pid,
    F.full_name as gal,
    F.issub as galsub,
    F.partner_id
from 
    (select * from meeting where gender = 'M') M
    right outer join (select * from meeting where gender = 'F') F
        on F.partner_id = M.pid

编辑

如果性能不是问题，那么也许完全忘记temp表，然后直接在派生表中引用该表就更简单了；

select concat(first, ' ', last) as full_name, * from scheduled_players where gender = 'M' and meeting_id = @mtg
select concat(first, ' ', last) as full_name, * from scheduled_players where gender = 'F' and meeting_id = @mtg

您还可以创建一个临时表，然后在单独的查询中插入和更新该临时表。

一天结束时对您有用的一切。