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R 中是否有对 dist 函数的稀疏支持?

[英]Is there any sparse support for dist function in R?

有没有人听说过任何与 R 中的dist{stats}函数相同的包或功能,它创建了

距离矩阵,通过使用指定的距离度量来计算数据矩阵的行之间的距离,

但是将一个散列矩阵作为输入?

我的 data.frame(名为dataCluster )有dataCluster :7000 X 10000 并且几乎是 99% 稀疏。 在不稀疏的常规形式中,此功能似乎不会停止工作......

h1 <- hclust( dist( dataCluster ) , method = "complete" )

没有答案的类似问题: Sparse Matrix as input to Hierarchical clustering in R

你想要wordspace::dist.matrix

它接受来自Matrix包的稀疏矩阵(文档中不清楚),还可以进行交叉距离,输出Matrixdist对象等等。

但是,默认的距离度量是'cosine' ,因此如果需要,请务必指定method = 'euclidean'

**更新:**实际上你可以很容易地做 qlcMatrix 所做的事情:

sparse.cos <- function(x, y = NULL, drop = TRUE){
    if(!is.null(y)){
        if(class(x) != "dgCMatrix" || class(y) != "dgCMatrix") stop ("class(x) or class(y) != dgCMatrix")
        if(drop == TRUE) colnames(x) <- rownames(x) <- colnames(y) <- rownames(y) <- NULL
        crossprod(
            tcrossprod(
                x, 
                Diagonal(x = as.vector(crossprod(x ^ 2, rep(1, x@Dim[1]))) ^ -0.5)
            ),
            tcrossprod(
                y, 
                Diagonal(x = as.vector(crossprod(y ^ 2, rep(1, x@Dim[1]))) ^ -0.5))
            )
        )
    } else {
        if(class(x) != "dgCMatrix") stop ("class(x) != dgCMatrix")
        if(drop == TRUE) colnames(x) <- rownames(X) <- NULL
        crossprod(
            tcrossprod(
                x,
                Diagonal(x = as.vector(crossprod(x ^ 2, rep(1, nrow(x)))) ^ -0.5))
        )
    }
}

我发现上述和qlcMatrix::cosSparse之间的性能没有显着差异。


qlcMatrix::cosSparsewordspace::dist.matrix更快,当数据 > 50% 稀疏或在输入矩阵的最长边(即高格式)上计算相似性时。

wordspace::dist.matrixqlcMatrix::cosSparse在不同稀疏度(10%、50%、90% 或 99% 稀疏)的宽矩阵 (1000 x 5000) 上的性能,以计算 1000 x 1000 相似度:

# M1 is 10% sparse, M99 is 99% sparse
set.seed(123)
M10 <- rsparsematrix(5000, 1000, density = 1)
M50 <- rsparsematrix(5000, 1000, density = 0.5)
M90 <- rsparsematrix(5000, 1000, density = 0.1)
M99 <- rsparsematrix(5000, 1000, density = 0.01)
tM10 <- t(M10)
tM50 <- t(M50)
tM90 <- t(M90)
tM99 <- t(M99)
benchmark(
 "cosSparse: 10% sparse" = cosSparse(M10),
 "cosSparse: 50% sparse" = cosSparse(M50),
 "cosSparse: 90% sparse" = cosSparse(M90),
 "cosSparse: 99% sparse" = cosSparse(M99),
 "wordspace: 10% sparse" = dist.matrix(tM10, byrow = TRUE),
 "wordspace: 50% sparse" = dist.matrix(tM50, byrow = TRUE),
 "wordspace: 90% sparse" = dist.matrix(tM90, byrow = TRUE),
 "wordspace: 99% sparse" = dist.matrix(tM99, byrow = TRUE),
 replications = 2, columns = c("test", "elapsed", "relative"))

这两个函数具有相当的可比性,wordspace 在较低稀疏度时略微领先,但在高度稀疏度时绝对不是:

                   test elapsed relative
1 cosSparse: 10% sparse   15.83  527.667
2 cosSparse: 50% sparse    4.72  157.333
3 cosSparse: 90% sparse    0.31   10.333
4 cosSparse: 99% sparse    0.03    1.000
5 wordspace: 10% sparse   15.23  507.667
6 wordspace: 50% sparse    4.28  142.667
7 wordspace: 90% sparse    0.36   12.000
8 wordspace: 99% sparse    0.09    3.000

如果我们翻转计算以计算 5000 x 5000 矩阵,则:

benchmark(
 "cosSparse: 50% sparse" = cosSparse(tM50),
 "cosSparse: 90% sparse" = cosSparse(tM90),
 "cosSparse: 99% sparse" = cosSparse(tM99),
 "wordspace: 50% sparse" = dist.matrix(M50, byrow = TRUE),
 "wordspace: 90% sparse" = dist.matrix(M90, byrow = TRUE),
 "wordspace: 99% sparse" = dist.matrix(M99, byrow = TRUE),
 replications = 1, columns = c("test", "elapsed", "relative"))

现在 cosSparse 的竞争优势变得非常明显:

                   test elapsed relative
1 cosSparse: 50% sparse   10.58  151.143
2 cosSparse: 90% sparse    1.44   20.571
3 cosSparse: 99% sparse    0.07    1.000
4 wordspace: 50% sparse   11.41  163.000
5 wordspace: 90% sparse    2.39   34.143
6 wordspace: 99% sparse    0.64    9.143

效率的变化在 50% 稀疏度下不是很显着,但是在 90% 稀疏度下,词空间慢 1.6 倍,而在 99% 稀疏度下,它慢了近 10 倍!

将此性能与方阵进行比较:

M50.square <- rsparsematrix(1000, 1000, density = 0.5)
tM50.square <- t(M50.square)
M90.square <- rsparsematrix(1000, 1000, density = 0.1)
tM90.square <- t(M90.square)

benchmark(
 "cosSparse: square, 50% sparse" = cosSparse(M50.square),
 "wordspace: square, 50% sparse" = dist.matrix(tM50.square, byrow = TRUE),
 "cosSparse: square, 90% sparse" = cosSparse(M90.square),
 "wordspace: square, 90% sparse" = dist.matrix(tM90.square, byrow = TRUE),
 replications = 5, columns = c("test", "elapsed", "relative"))

cosSparse 在稀疏度为 50% 时略快,在稀疏度为 90% 时几乎快两倍!

                           test elapsed relative
1 cosSparse: square, 50% sparse    2.12    9.217
3 cosSparse: square, 90% sparse    0.23    1.000
2 wordspace: square, 50% sparse    2.15    9.348
4 wordspace: square, 90% sparse    0.40    1.739

注意, wordspace::dist.matrix具有多个边缘的情况下的检查比qlcMatrix::cosSparse和通过还允许并行openmp在R.另外, wordspace::dist.matrix支撑欧几里德和杰卡德距离度量,虽然这些是远慢。 该软件包中还内置了许多其他方便的功能。

也就是说,如果您只需要余弦相似度,并且您的矩阵 > 50% 稀疏,并且您正在计算高大的方式, cosSparse应该是首选工具。

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