将Django REST Framework API用于具有复合键的数据模型

Question

当数据模型具有包含两个字段的组合键时，如何使用Django Rest Framework创建API？ 背景：我正在尝试为数据模型制作REST api（下面的示例数据行-前两个条目构成复合键）。 我可以使用date字段调用数据，但是在尝试使用第二个字符串字段返回单个记录时遇到错误。

'2015年5月6日'， 'INTC'， '31.93'， '32.79'， '32.50'， '32.22'， '31737537'

我正在尝试使api网址结构如下：

本地主机/ API / V1 / YYYY-MM-DD / '字符'

本地主机/ API / V1 / 2015-05-07 / AAPL

serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Stocksusa, Optionsusa
from rest_framework.reverse import reverse

class StocksUsaSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
url = serializers.SerializerMethodField('get_stock_usa_url')

def get_stock_usa_url(self, obj):
    values = [obj.Trade_Date, obj.Ticker]
    composite_key_url = "http://0.0.0.0:9978/api/v1/stocksusa/{}/{}".format(*values)
    return composite_key_url

class Meta:
    model = Stocksusa
    fields = ('Trade_Date', 'Ticker', 'PxMin', 'PxMax', 'PxOpen', 'PxClose', 'Volume', 'url')

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework import authentication, permissions, viewsets, filters
from .models import Stocksusa
from .serializers import StocksUsaSerializer
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model


User = get_user_model()


class DefaultsMixin(object):
     authentication_classes = (
         authentication.BasicAuthentication,
         authentication.TokenAuthentication,
    )
     permission_classes = (
         permissions.IsAuthenticated,
    )
     paginate_by = 25
     paginate_by_param = 'page_size'
     max_paginate_by = 100
     filter_backends = (
         filters.DjangoFilterBackend,
         filters.SearchFilter,
         filters.OrderingFilter,
    )


class StocksUsaViewSet(DefaultsMixin, viewsets.ReadOnlyModelViewSet):
     queryset = Stocksusa.objects.all()
     serializer_class = StocksUsaSerializer

应用程序/ urls.py

from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
from . import views

router = DefaultRouter(trailing_slash=False)
router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'stocksusa', views.StocksUsaViewSet)

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from rest_framework.authtoken.views import obtain_auth_token
from FinDataUsa.urls import router
from FinDataUsa.views import StocksUsaViewSet as stockview

urlpatterns = patterns('',
     url(r'^api/token/', obtain_auth_token, name='api-token'),
     url(r'^api/v1/', include(router.urls)),
     url(r'^api/v2/', include(router.urls)),
     url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
     url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework')),
     url(r'^docs/', include('rest_framework_swagger.urls')),
)

Answer 1

问题在于，DefaultRouter使用模型的id lookup_field获取所需的对象：例如，这有效：

GET   localhost/api/v1/stocksusa/1

为了提供额外的参数，您需要手工制作以下网址：

 url(r'(?P<year>\d{4})-(?P<month>\d{1,2})-(?P<day>\d{1,2})/(?P<code>\w+)$',
    StocksUsaViewSet.as_view(),
    name='stocks_detail'
),

年月日 代码参数通过kwargs字典传递到您的视图中：

self.kwargs['year']
self.kwargs['month']
self.kwargs['day']
self.kwargs['code']

在get_object方法上，您需要执行以下操作：

def get_object(self, queryset=None):
    try:
        date= datetime.date(
            year=int(self.kwargs['year']),
            month=int(self.kwargs['month']),
            day=int(self.kwargs['day']),
        )
    except ValueError:
        raise Http404
    stock= get_object_or_404(Stocksusa, Ticker=self.kwargs['code'], Trade_Date=date)
    return stock

然后，您将可以访问您的对象：