如何在 Tomcat7 中部署 Grails 3.0.1 war 文件？

Question

如何在 Tomcat7 的非嵌入式版本中部署Grails 3.0.1 war 文件？ 我得到的只是一个空白页或 404 错误。 我可以成功部署我的其他war文件，所以我知道这不是Tomcat的问题。 我的版本和我采取的步骤如下：

Server version: Apache Tomcat/7.0.52 (Ubuntu)
Grails Version: 3.0.1
Groovy Version: 2.4.3
JVM Version: 1.7.0_80

我怀疑问题与Spring框架或Gradle有关。 我对它们中的任何一个都不是很熟悉，但我确实注意到 3.0.1 不再使用web.xml并且不再有Config.groovy文件。 下面的站点详细介绍了如何在 3.0.x 中部署 Grails 项目。

http://grails.github.io/grails-doc/3.0.x/guide/deployment.html

1. 我运行了grails run-app并将它部署到localhost:8080 ，没有任何问题。

不过，我不想使用 Tomcat 的嵌入式版本。 我想将它部署到不同版本的 Tomcat，这就是我遇到问题的地方。

2. 我将 Tomcat 依赖项的范围更改为提供：
   • provided "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat"
3. 我使用grails war生成了 war 文件
   • 将website.war添加到/var/lib/tomcat7/webapps
   • 运行sudo service tomcat7 restart重启 tomcat
   • 检查website.war是否自动解包（确实如此）
   • 检查localhost:9999/website

^ 这给了我一个空白的白页。

4. 我删除了website.war和它关联的解压文件夹。
   • 检查localhost:9999
   • 它成功地将我带到了默认的 Tomcat 屏幕
   • 登录经理应用
   • 在管理器应用程序上部署了website.war
   • 它给了我ok状态
   • 检查localhost:9999/website

^ 这给了我以下错误：

HTTP 状态 404 - /website，请求的资源不可用。

其他相关资料：

https://grails.github.io/grails-doc/3.0.x/guide/single.html ：

“Grails 3.0 不再需要 web.xml。自定义可以通过 Spring 完成”

BuildConfig.groovy文件也已更改。

旧位置： grails-app/conf/BuildConfig.groovy新位置： build.gradle描述：构建时间配置现在在 Gradle 构建文件中定义

我发现的其他帖子：（抱歉没有提供链接，如果没有至少 10 个声望点，我不能发布两个以上的链接。）

grails.org/wiki/Deployment#Tomcat

• 这建议在 webapps 文件夹中放置一场战争。 我已经尝试过了，但它不起作用。

stackoverflow.com/questions/27557893/grails-app-deploy-in-tomcat-server-using-war-file-fails

• 他问了一个非常相似的问题，但他使用的是不同版本的 Grails
• 标记的解决方案参考Config.groovy
• 然而， Grails 3.0.1构建时间配置现在在Build.gradle
• 不知道他有没有成功解决问题。

stackoverflow.com/questions/23664421/cant-deploy-grails-war-file-in-tomcat-results-in-404

• 解决方案需要更改Config.groovy ，这在Grails 3.0.1项目中不再可用

编辑：

当它解压website.war文件夹时， catalina.out日志文件显示：

:: Spring Boot ::        (v1.2.3.RELEASE)
Jun 07, 2015 3:01:23 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase addChildInternal
SEVERE: ContainerBase.addChild: start: 
org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/website]]
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:632)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:1073)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1857)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: javax.servlet.ServletContext.getVirtualServerName()Ljava/lang/String;
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsServerContainer.<init>(WsServerContainer.java:147)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsSci.init(WsSci.java:131)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsSci.onStartup(WsSci.java:47)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5456)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
... 10 more

Jun 07, 2015 3:01:23 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployWAR
SEVERE: Error deploying web application archive /var/lib/tomcat7/webapps/website.war
java.lang.IllegalStateException: ContainerBase.addChild: start: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/website]]
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:904)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:632)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:1073)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1857)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

Jun 07, 2015 3:01:23 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-9999"]
Jun 07, 2015 3:01:23 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
INFO: Server startup in 26775 ms

然后，当我尝试加载localhost:9999/website ， catalina.out文件显示：

Jun 07, 2015 3:05:04 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol pause
INFO: Pausing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-9999"]
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:04 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService stopInternal
INFO: Stopping service Catalina
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:04 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol stop
INFO: Stopping ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-9999"]
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:04 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol destroy
INFO: Destroying ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-9999"]
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory validateFile
WARNING: Problem with directory [/usr/share/tomcat7/common/classes], exists: [false], isDirectory: [false], canRead: [false]
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory validateFile
WARNING: Problem with directory [/usr/share/tomcat7/common], exists: [false], isDirectory: [false], canRead: [false]
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory validateFile
WARNING: Problem with directory [/usr/share/tomcat7/server/classes], exists: [false], isDirectory: [false], canRead: [false]
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory validateFile
WARNING: Problem with directory [/usr/share/tomcat7/server], exists: [false], isDirectory: [false], canRead: [false]
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory validateFile
WARNING: Problem with directory [/usr/share/tomcat7/shared/classes], exists: [false], isDirectory: [false], canRead: [false]
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory validateFile
WARNING: Problem with directory [/usr/share/tomcat7/shared], exists: [false], isDirectory: [false], canRead: [false]
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-9999"]
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
INFO: Initialization processed in 576 ms
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service Catalina
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.52 (Ubuntu)
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDescriptor
INFO: Deploying configuration descriptor /etc/tomcat7/Catalina/localhost/host-manager.xml
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDescriptor
INFO: Deploying configuration descriptor /etc/tomcat7/Catalina/localhost/docs.xml
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDescriptor
INFO: Deploying configuration descriptor /etc/tomcat7/Catalina/localhost/manager.xml
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDescriptor
INFO: Deploying configuration descriptor /etc/tomcat7/Catalina/localhost/examples.xml
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jstl/core_rt is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jstl/core is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jstl/fmt_rt is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jstl/fmt is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://jakarta.apache.org/taglibs/standard/permittedTaglibs is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://jakarta.apache.org/taglibs/standard/scriptfree is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jstl/sql_rt is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jstl/sql is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/sql is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jstl/xml_rt is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jstl/xml is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/xml is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployWAR
INFO: Deploying web application archive /var/lib/tomcat7/webapps/website.war
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader validateJarFile
INFO: validateJarFile(/var/lib/tomcat7/webapps/website/WEB-INF/lib/tomcat-embed-core-8.0.20.jar) - jar not loaded. See Servlet Spec 3.0, section 10.7.2. Offending class: javax/servlet/Servlet.class
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader validateJarFile
INFO: validateJarFile(/var/lib/tomcat7/webapps/website/WEB-INF/lib/tomcat-embed-el-8.0.20.jar) - jar not loaded. See Servlet Spec 3.0, section 10.7.2. Offending class: javax/el/Expression.class
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.deploy.WebXml setVersion
WARNING: Unknown version string [3.1]. Default version will be used.

Answer 1

为了提供更彻底的答案，使用 David Gonzalez Maline 提供的链接，Graeme 引用了 GitHub 中的文档提交。

请注意，默认情况下，Grails 将在 WAR 文件中包含一个可嵌入版本的 Tomcat，以便它可以运行（请参阅上一节），如果您部署到不同版本的 Tomcat，这可能会导致问题。 如果您不打算使用嵌入式容器，那么在部署到build.gradle的生产容器之前，您应该将 Tomcat 依赖项的范围更改为 @provided@ ：

provided "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat"

来源（强调我的）

简而言之，如果您将其保留在默认compile范围内，它将包括两个不同版本的 Tomcat，Tomcat 7（您要部署到该版本）和 Tomcat 8（由spring-boot-starter-tomcat ）。

Answer 2

答案在这里：

https://jira.grails.org/browse/GRAILS-12105

您需要声明对org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat的依赖

如build.gradle提供的。