如何在 Tomcat7 中部署 Grails 3.0.1 war 文件？

Question

如何在 Tomcat7 的非嵌入式版本中部署Grails 3.0.1 war 文件？ 我得到的只是一個空白頁或 404 錯誤。 我可以成功部署我的其他war文件，所以我知道這不是Tomcat的問題。 我的版本和我采取的步驟如下：

Server version: Apache Tomcat/7.0.52 (Ubuntu)
Grails Version: 3.0.1
Groovy Version: 2.4.3
JVM Version: 1.7.0_80

我懷疑問題與Spring框架或Gradle有關。 我對它們中的任何一個都不是很熟悉，但我確實注意到 3.0.1 不再使用web.xml並且不再有Config.groovy文件。 下面的站點詳細介紹了如何在 3.0.x 中部署 Grails 項目。

http://grails.github.io/grails-doc/3.0.x/guide/deployment.html

1. 我運行了grails run-app並將它部署到localhost:8080 ，沒有任何問題。

不過，我不想使用 Tomcat 的嵌入式版本。 我想將它部署到不同版本的 Tomcat，這就是我遇到問題的地方。

2. 我將 Tomcat 依賴項的范圍更改為提供：
   • provided "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat"
3. 我使用grails war生成了 war 文件
   • 將website.war添加到/var/lib/tomcat7/webapps
   • 運行sudo service tomcat7 restart重啟 tomcat
   • 檢查website.war是否自動解包（確實如此）
   • 檢查localhost:9999/website

^ 這給了我一個空白的白頁。

4. 我刪除了website.war和它關聯的解壓文件夾。
   • 檢查localhost:9999
   • 它成功地將我帶到了默認的 Tomcat 屏幕
   • 登錄經理應用
   • 在管理器應用程序上部署了website.war
   • 它給了我ok狀態
   • 檢查localhost:9999/website

^ 這給了我以下錯誤：

HTTP 狀態 404 - /website，請求的資源不可用。

其他相關資料：

https://grails.github.io/grails-doc/3.0.x/guide/single.html ：

“Grails 3.0 不再需要 web.xml。自定義可以通過 Spring 完成”

BuildConfig.groovy文件也已更改。

舊位置： grails-app/conf/BuildConfig.groovy新位置： build.gradle描述：構建時間配置現在在 Gradle 構建文件中定義

我發現的其他帖子：（抱歉沒有提供鏈接，如果沒有至少 10 個聲望點，我不能發布兩個以上的鏈接。）

grails.org/wiki/Deployment#Tomcat

• 這建議在 webapps 文件夾中放置一場戰爭。 我已經嘗試過了，但它不起作用。

stackoverflow.com/questions/27557893/grails-app-deploy-in-tomcat-server-using-war-file-fails

• 他問了一個非常相似的問題，但他使用的是不同版本的 Grails
• 標記的解決方案參考Config.groovy
• 然而， Grails 3.0.1構建時間配置現在在Build.gradle
• 不知道他有沒有成功解決問題。

stackoverflow.com/questions/23664421/cant-deploy-grails-war-file-in-tomcat-results-in-404

• 解決方案需要更改Config.groovy ，這在Grails 3.0.1項目中不再可用

編輯：

當它解壓website.war文件夾時， catalina.out日志文件顯示：

:: Spring Boot ::        (v1.2.3.RELEASE)
Jun 07, 2015 3:01:23 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase addChildInternal
SEVERE: ContainerBase.addChild: start: 
org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/website]]
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:632)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:1073)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1857)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: javax.servlet.ServletContext.getVirtualServerName()Ljava/lang/String;
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsServerContainer.<init>(WsServerContainer.java:147)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsSci.init(WsSci.java:131)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsSci.onStartup(WsSci.java:47)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5456)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
... 10 more

Jun 07, 2015 3:01:23 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployWAR
SEVERE: Error deploying web application archive /var/lib/tomcat7/webapps/website.war
java.lang.IllegalStateException: ContainerBase.addChild: start: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/website]]
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:904)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:632)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:1073)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1857)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

Jun 07, 2015 3:01:23 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-9999"]
Jun 07, 2015 3:01:23 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
INFO: Server startup in 26775 ms

然后，當我嘗試加載localhost:9999/website ， catalina.out文件顯示：

Jun 07, 2015 3:05:04 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol pause
INFO: Pausing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-9999"]
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:04 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService stopInternal
INFO: Stopping service Catalina
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:04 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol stop
INFO: Stopping ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-9999"]
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:04 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol destroy
INFO: Destroying ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-9999"]
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory validateFile
WARNING: Problem with directory [/usr/share/tomcat7/common/classes], exists: [false], isDirectory: [false], canRead: [false]
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory validateFile
WARNING: Problem with directory [/usr/share/tomcat7/common], exists: [false], isDirectory: [false], canRead: [false]
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory validateFile
WARNING: Problem with directory [/usr/share/tomcat7/server/classes], exists: [false], isDirectory: [false], canRead: [false]
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory validateFile
WARNING: Problem with directory [/usr/share/tomcat7/server], exists: [false], isDirectory: [false], canRead: [false]
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory validateFile
WARNING: Problem with directory [/usr/share/tomcat7/shared/classes], exists: [false], isDirectory: [false], canRead: [false]
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory validateFile
WARNING: Problem with directory [/usr/share/tomcat7/shared], exists: [false], isDirectory: [false], canRead: [false]
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-9999"]
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
INFO: Initialization processed in 576 ms
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service Catalina
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.52 (Ubuntu)
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:06 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDescriptor
INFO: Deploying configuration descriptor /etc/tomcat7/Catalina/localhost/host-manager.xml
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDescriptor
INFO: Deploying configuration descriptor /etc/tomcat7/Catalina/localhost/docs.xml
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDescriptor
INFO: Deploying configuration descriptor /etc/tomcat7/Catalina/localhost/manager.xml
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDescriptor
INFO: Deploying configuration descriptor /etc/tomcat7/Catalina/localhost/examples.xml
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jstl/core_rt is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jstl/core is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jstl/fmt_rt is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jstl/fmt is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://jakarta.apache.org/taglibs/standard/permittedTaglibs is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://jakarta.apache.org/taglibs/standard/scriptfree is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jstl/sql_rt is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jstl/sql is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/sql is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jstl/xml_rt is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jstl/xml is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.TaglibUriRule body
INFO: TLD skipped. URI: http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/xml is already defined
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployWAR
INFO: Deploying web application archive /var/lib/tomcat7/webapps/website.war
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader validateJarFile
INFO: validateJarFile(/var/lib/tomcat7/webapps/website/WEB-INF/lib/tomcat-embed-core-8.0.20.jar) - jar not loaded. See Servlet Spec 3.0, section 10.7.2. Offending class: javax/servlet/Servlet.class
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader validateJarFile
INFO: validateJarFile(/var/lib/tomcat7/webapps/website/WEB-INF/lib/tomcat-embed-el-8.0.20.jar) - jar not loaded. See Servlet Spec 3.0, section 10.7.2. Offending class: javax/el/Expression.class
Jun 07, 2015 3:05:07 PM org.apache.catalina.deploy.WebXml setVersion
WARNING: Unknown version string [3.1]. Default version will be used.

Answer 1

為了提供更徹底的答案，使用 David Gonzalez Maline 提供的鏈接，Graeme 引用了 GitHub 中的文檔提交。

請注意，默認情況下，Grails 將在 WAR 文件中包含一個可嵌入版本的 Tomcat，以便它可以運行（請參閱上一節），如果您部署到不同版本的 Tomcat，這可能會導致問題。 如果您不打算使用嵌入式容器，那么在部署到build.gradle的生產容器之前，您應該將 Tomcat 依賴項的范圍更改為 @provided@ ：

provided "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat"

來源（強調我的）

簡而言之，如果您將其保留在默認compile范圍內，它將包括兩個不同版本的 Tomcat，Tomcat 7（您要部署到該版本）和 Tomcat 8（由spring-boot-starter-tomcat ）。

Answer 2

答案在這里：

https://jira.grails.org/browse/GRAILS-12105

您需要聲明對org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat的依賴

如build.gradle提供的。