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单击更改表的按钮时发生StaleElementReferenceException(Python> Selenium Webdriver)

[英]StaleElementReferenceException occurs when clicking on the buttons of a changed table (Python > Selenium Webdriver)

当我尝试测试包含表的网页时,我不断收到StaleElementReferenceException。 该表包含点(以及一些其他信息)以及两个单独的阻止点的状态,每个阻止点的状态都为“是”和“否”的切换状态按钮。

在此特定代码中,过程为:

  1. 单击复选框仅显示阻塞点。
  2. 如果表中没有阻塞点,则说明您完成了。 除此以外...
  3. 将点的名称保存在第一行并检查第一个阻止状态。 如果设置为“是”,请将其更改为“否”。
  4. 检查该点是否仍然存在。 如果是这样,请将第二个阻止状态更改为“否”,并确认该点已被删除。

我在代码中添加了注释,以帮助遵循我的流程:

    # << Setup >>
    driver.get(url("/PointsTable/"))
    assertExpectedConditionTrue(driver, "By.XPATH", "//td")

    # < Confirm that the points blocking checkbox is enabled >
    if not driver.find_element_by_id("BlockedPoints").is_selected():
        assertExpectedConditionTrue(driver, "By.ID", "BlockedPoints")
        driver.find_element_by_id("BlockedPoints").click()
        assertCheckBoxEnabled(driver, "BlockedPoints")

    # < First check if any points have a blocking state >
    try:
        assertExpectedConditionTrue(driver, "By.XPATH", "//td[contains(text(), 'No data available in table')]", None, 3)
    except (NoSuchElementException):
        # < Until all the points are out of blocking state, begin changing blocking statuses
        #   to all the points >
        while True:
            # < Check if all the points are set to have no blocking statuses set to Yes >
            try:
                assertExpectedConditionFalse(driver, "By.XPATH", "//td[contains(text(), 'No data available in table')]", None, 2)
            except (NoSuchElementException, TimeoutException):
                break

            # < Save the name of the point
            # Check the first blocking status.  If it is blocking, set the block to No >
            assertExpectedConditionTrue(driver, "By.XPATH", "//td")
            myPointVal = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//td").text

            try:
                assertExpectedConditionTrue(driver, "By.XPATH", "//tbody/tr[1]/td[5]/div/button[@class='btn active btn-success btn-small point-button']", None, 2)
            except (NoSuchElementException):
                assertExpectedConditionTrue(driver, "By.XPATH", "//tbody/tr[1]/td[5]/div/button[@class='btn btn-small point-button']")
                driver.find_element_by_xpath("//tbody/tr[1]/td[5]/div/button[@class='btn btn-small point-button']").click()

            # < Save the name of the point again.  Compare it to the original saved point
            #    If the name is the same, then the second blocking status needs to be set to No
            #    If the name is different, that means the point in question is no longer blocked >
            assertExpectedConditionTrue(driver, "By.XPATH", "//td")
            if myPointVal == driver.find_element_by_xpath("//td").text:
                assertExpectedConditionTrue(driver, "By.XPATH", "//tbody/tr[1]/td[6]/div/button[@class='btn btn-small point-button']")
                driver.find_element_by_xpath("//tbody/tr[1]/td[6]/div/button[@class='btn btn-small point-button']").click()
                assertExpectedConditionFalse(driver, "By.XPATH", "//td", myPointVal)

当某个点的所有“阻塞”状态都已删除时,它实际上从表中消失了,这是导致我异常的原因。 代码并非总是在同一行上失败,但是当它失败时,它总是在我试图单击“是”或“否”按钮的行上,这很可能是由于在一个点之后表发生了变化已成功从表中删除。

i.e. driver.find_element_by_xpath("//tbody/tr[1]/td[6]/div/button[@class='btn btn-small point-button']").click()

有时,它会超出代码的这一部分,并在我尝试单击按钮后的另一部分中失败。.(1)刷新页面,或(2)导航到第二页, XPATH地址相同,但XPATH地址中的对象已更改。 我确实了解由于此处列出的原因而遇到此问题的原因。 我的问题似乎与“元素不再附加到DOM”相一致。

到目前为止,我尝试在可能导致表更改的位置中同时使用time.sleep()和driver.implicitly_wait(),但问题仍然存在。 我该如何解决这个问题?

使用inplicitly_wait() ,如果时间设置得足够长,将解决StaleElementReferenceException问题。 但是,隐式等待也导致测试用例需要很长时间才能运行。 我使用在这里这里这里找到的想法解决了这个问题。

发生此问题的原因是,对表进行更改时,被引用的元素不再附加到DOM。 因此,我专门为处理过时的元素创建了定义。

def waitForNonStaleElement(driver, type, element):
    strategy = {
            "id":           driver.find_element_by_id,
            "link_text":    driver.find_element_by_link_text,
            "name":         driver.find_element_by_name,
            "xpath":        driver.find_element_by_xpath
            }
    lhsType, rhsType = type.split(".", 1)
    find_element = strategy.get(rhsType.lower())

    try:
        find_element(element)
    except StaleElementReferenceException:
        waitForNonStaleElement(driver, type, element)
    except TypeError:
        raise TypeError("ERROR : CODE TO HANDLE \""+element+"\" TYPE NEEDS TO BE CREATED")


def waitForNonStaleElementClick(driver, type, element):
    strategy = {
            "id":           driver.find_element_by_id,
            "link_text":    driver.find_element_by_link_text,
            "name":         driver.find_element_by_name,
            "xpath":        driver.find_element_by_xpath
            }
    lhsType, rhsType = type.split(".", 1)
    find_element = strategy.get(rhsType.lower())

    try:
        waitForNonStaleElement(driver, type, element)
        find_element(element).click()
    except StaleElementReferenceException:
        waitForNonStaleElementClick(driver, type, element)
    except TypeError:
        raise TypeError("ERROR : CODE TO HANDLE \""+element+"\" TYPE NEEDS TO BE CREATED")


def waitForNonStaleElementText(driver, type, element):
    strategy = {
            "id":           driver.find_element_by_id,
            "link_text":    driver.find_element_by_link_text,
            "name":         driver.find_element_by_name,
            "xpath":        driver.find_element_by_xpath
            }
    lhsType, rhsType = type.split(".", 1)
    find_element = strategy.get(rhsType.lower())

    try:
        return find_element(element).text
    except StaleElementReferenceException:
        waitForNonStaleElementText(driver, type, element)
    except TypeError:
        raise TypeError("ERROR : CODE TO HANDLE \""+element+"\" TYPE NEEDS TO BE CREATED")

waitForNonStaleElement()用于确认元素不再陈旧。 waitForNonStaleElementClick()允许我单击可能是过时的元素。 waitForNonStaleElementText()允许我从可能过时的元素中检索文本。

然后,我使用以下方法重写了搜索代码:

# << Setup >>
driver.get(url("/PointsBlocking/"))
assertExpectedConditionTrue(driver, "By.XPATH", "//td")

if not driver.find_element_by_id("BlockedOnlyCheckbox").is_selected():
    assertExpectedConditionTrue(driver, "By.ID", "BlockedOnlyCheckbox")
    driver.find_element_by_id("BlockedOnlyCheckbox").click()
    assertCheckBoxEnabled(driver, "BlockedOnlyCheckbox")

waitForNonStaleElement(driver, "By.XPATH", "//td")

try:
    assertExpectedConditionTrue(driver, "By.XPATH", "//td", "No data available in table", 1)
except (TimeoutException):
    while True:
        try:
            assertExpectedConditionFalse(driver, "By.XPATH", "//td", "No data available in table", 1)
        except (TimeoutException):
            break

        assertExpectedConditionTrue(driver, "By.XPATH", "//td")
        pointName = waitForNonStaleElementText(driver, "By.XPATH", "//td")

        try:
            assertExpectedConditionTrue(driver, "By.XPATH", "//tbody/tr[1]/td[5]/div/button[@class='btn active btn-success btn-small point-button']", None, 1)
        except NoSuchElementException:
            assertExpectedConditionTrue(driver, "By.XPATH", "//tbody/tr[1]/td[5]/div/button[@class='btn btn-small point-button']")
            waitForNonStaleElementClick(driver, "By.XPATH", "//tbody/tr[1]/td[5]/div/button[@class='btn btn-small point-button']")

        tmp = waitForNonStaleElementText(driver, "By.XPATH", "//td")

        if pointName == tmp:
            assertExpectedConditionTrue(driver, "By.XPATH", "//tbody/tr[1]/td[6]/div/button[@class='btn btn-small point-button']")
            waitForNonStaleElementClick(driver, "By.XPATH", "//tbody/tr[1]/td[6]/div/button[@class='btn btn-small point-button']")
            waitForNonStaleElementClick(driver, "By.XPATH", "//td")

希望这对某人遇到我遇到的相同问题会有所帮助。

如果您的问题是您单击了一个不存在的元素,并且想要验证是否存在该元素,则可以执行下一个操作:

  1. 使用搜索元素列表的方法查找元素(还返回列表)
  2. 检查列表中是否有任何元素(计数> 0)
  3. 如果count为0,则找不到元素,因此不存在

您也可以尝试使用try-catch,但是它更复杂。

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