在视图中读取静态文件

Question

为了集成Django和Ember ，我决定在Django视图中提供我的Ember SPA （避免CORS问题，只为前端和API提供一台服务器，等等）。 我这样做是这样的：

# urls.py

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^api/', include(api_urls, namespace='api')),
    ...
    url(r'^$', views.emberapp, name='emberapp'),
    ...
]

# views.py

from django.http import HttpResponse


def emberapp(request):
    # The Ember frontend SPA index file
    # This only works in development, and is anyway hacky
    EMBER_FE_INDEX_HTML = '/absolute/path/to/my/frontend/static/fe-dist/index.html'
    template_file = open(EMBER_FE_INDEX_HTML)
    html_content = index_file.read()
    index_file.close()
    return HttpResponse(html_content)

index.html是静态资产的一部分。 在开发中，这很容易：

• 文件系统中的Django应用程序可以直接访问index.html
• 我知道索引文件的绝对路径

但是在生产中，事情变得更加复杂，因为静态资产不是django应用程序本地的，而是可以在Amazon S3上访问的。 我为此使用django-storages 。

无论使用什么后端来存储/服务静态文件，如何以一种通用方式从视图中读取静态文件的内容？

Answer 1

首先，我认为您的做法不是一个好主意。

但是，要回答您的问题：在您的settings.py ，您可能已经定义了Django将收集所有静态文件的目录。

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')

因此，在您看来，您只需要获取文件os.path.join(settings.STATIC_ROOT, 'index.html')

也就是说，您应该通过网络服务器提供index.html，与您的static /文件，robots.txt，favicon.ico等相同。而不是通过Django。 网络服务器速度更快，使用适当的缓存，在Nginx或Apache设置中仅使用一行，而不是Django中的整个视图功能。

Answer 2

这是我目前的解决方案。 在开发中有效，尚不确定生产（您需要提交未经测试的代码来验证Heroku中与生产相关的代码是一件很痛苦的事情）

from django.conf import settings
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.core.files.storage import get_storage_class

FE_INDEX_HTML = 'fe/index.html'  # relative to the collectstatic directory


def emberapp(request):
    # The Ember frontend SPA index file
    # By getting the storage_class like this, we guarantee that this will work
    #   no matter what backend is used for serving static files
    #   Which means, this will work both in development and production
    #   Make sure to run collectstatic (even in development)
    # TODO: how to use this in development without being forced to run collectstatic?
    storage_class = get_storage_class(settings.STATICFILES_STORAGE)
    # TODO: reading from a storage backend can be slow if assets are in a third-party server (like Amazon S3)
    #   Maybe streaming the static file from the server would be faster?
    #   No redirect to the Amazon S3 asset, please, since the Ember App needs to
    #   run from the same URL as the API, otherwise you get CORS issues
    with storage_class().open(FE_VWORKS_INDEX_HTML) as index_file:
        html_content = index_file.read()
    return HttpResponse(html_content)

或者，使用StreamingHttpResponse进行回复，这不会强制Django读取内存中的整个文件（并等待它被读取）：

def emberapp(request):
    # The Ember frontend SPA index file
    # By getting the storage_class like this, we guarantee that this will work
    #   no matter what backend is used for serving static files
    #   Which means, this will work both in development and production
    #   Make sure to run collectstatic (even in development)
    # TODO: how to use this in development without being forced to run collectstatic?
    storage_class = get_storage_class(settings.STATICFILES_STORAGE)
    index_file = storage_class().open(FE_INDEX_HTML)
    return StreamingHttpResponse(index_file)