![](/img/trans.png)
[英]How to search and replace text from one file to another using Python?
[英]How to search and replace text in an XML file using Python?
如何在整个xml文件中搜索特定的文本模式,然后在Python 3.5中用新的文本模式替换该文本的每次出现?
其他所有内容(格式,属性,注释等)都需要保留在原始xml文件中。
我在Windows(win32)上运行Python 3.5.1。
具体来说,我想将每次出现的“功能名称”替换为“此工作”,并将每次出现的“功能号”替换为“ 12345”。
我一直在尝试学习Python和xml.etree.ElementTree,但无法弄清楚。 我已经看过“在Python中搜索并替换.xml文件中的行”,“在Python中搜索并替换文件中的行”以及“如何使用Python搜索并替换文件中的文本?”。 以及该站点上其他现有的Q / A,但无法弄清楚-我不是一位经验丰富的程序员,所以请告诉我是否需要更多输入。 非常感谢您的帮助!!!
这是当我在记事本中打开xml代码时的样子的副本(除了我添加空格以使每行缩进并在将其粘贴到此问题中时打了回车符)之外:
<description-topic>
<access-info>
<index-term-set>
<index-term>
<primary>FID FEATURE NUMBER</primary>
</index-term>
<index-term>
<primary>FEATURE NAME</primary>
</index-term>
<index-term>
<primary>Common features</primary>
<secondary>FID FEATURE NUMBER</secondary>
</index-term>
</index-term-set>
</access-info>
<title>FEATURE NUMBER - FEATURE NAME</title>
<block>
<label>Platform</label>
<comment>REVIEWERS: I guessed at the FEATURE NAME</comment>
<para>
This feature applies to the following platforms: FEATURE NAME<!--Check the values--></para>
</block>
<block branch="no">
<label>Feature Benefits</label>
<para>
<comment>REVIEWERS: What do we put here? See template (link given in review email) for more information.</comment>
</para>
</block>
<block branch="no">
<label>Dependencies</label>
<para/>
<subblock>
<label>Features</label>
<comment>What FEATURE NAME do we put here?</comment>
</subblock>
<subblock>
<label>Hardware</label>
<comment>What FEATURE NAME do we put here?</comment>
<para>This feature applies to the following: FEATURE NUMBER and text.</para><?Pub Caret -1?>
</subblock>
<subblock>
<label>Dependencies outside the eNodeB</label>
<comment>What FEATURE NAME do we put here?</comment>
</subblock>
</block>
<block branch="no">
<label>Impacts</label>
<comment>REVIEWERS: What FEATURE NUMBER do we put here?</comment>
<para>
<comment/>
</para>
</block>
</description-topic>
这是我尝试使用的最新代码:
from xml.etree import ElementTree as et
tree = et.parse('Atemplate2.xml')
tree.find('description-topic/access-info/index-term-set/index-term/primary/').text = '12345'
tree.write('Atemplate2.xml')
我收到以下错误:追溯(最近一次呼叫最近):tree.find('description-topic / access-info / index-term-set / index-term / primary /中的文件“ ajktest18.py”,第15行').text ='12345'
AttributeError:“ NoneType”对象没有属性“ text”
我希望能够搜索和修改整个文件中的所有出现的内容,但是我不知道如何找到要搜索的文本的某个特定出现的位置。
这是我尝试用来查找路径的代码:
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse('Atemplate.xml')
root = tree.getroot()
print(root.tag, root.attrib, root.text)
for child in root:
print(child.tag, child.attrib, child.text)
for label in root.iter('label'):
print(label.tag, label.attrib, label.text)
for title in root.iter('title'):
print(title.attrib)
我还尝试了以下代码:
with open('Atemplate2.xml') as f:
tree = ET.parse(f)
root = tree.getroot()
for elem in root.getiterator():
try:
elem.text = elem.text.replace('FEATURE NAME', 'THIS WORKED')
elem.text = elem.text.replace('FEATURE NUMBER', '12345')
except AttributeError:
pass
tree.write('output.xml')
但这会产生以下错误:
File "<pyshell#40>", line 2, in <module>
tree = ET.parse(f)
File "C:\MyPath\Python35-32\lib\xml\etree\ElementTree.py", line 1182, in parse
tree.parse(source, parser)
File "C:\ MyPath \Python35-32\lib\xml\etree\ElementTree.py", line 594, in parse
self._root = parser._parse_whole(source)
File "C:\ MyPath \Python35-32\lib\encodings\cp1252.py", line 23, in decode
return codecs.charmap_decode(input,self.errors,decoding_table)[0]
UnicodeDecodeError:“ charmap”编解码器无法解码位置1119中的字节0x9d:字符映射到
##最终更新-这是最后对我有用的代码(谢谢你,贾拉德!):
import lxml.etree as ET #using lxml instead of xml preserved the comments #adding the encoding when the file is opened and written is needed to avoid a charmap error with open('filename.xml', encoding="utf8") as f: tree = ET.parse(f) root = tree.getroot() for elem in root.getiterator(): try: elem.text = elem.text.replace('FEATURE NAME', 'THIS WORKED') elem.text = elem.text.replace('FEATURE NUMBER', '123456') except AttributeError: pass #tree.write('output.xml', encoding="utf8") # Adding the xml_declaration and method helped keep the header info at the top of the file. tree.write('output.xml', xml_declaration=True, method='xml', encoding="utf8")
注意事项:
xml.etree.ElementTree
库 这是对这个出色答案的修改。 关键是,您需要读取XML文件并进行解析。
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
with open('xmlfile.xml', encoding='latin-1') as f:
tree = ET.parse(f)
root = tree.getroot()
for elem in root.getiterator():
try:
elem.text = elem.text.replace('FEATURE NAME', 'THIS WORKED')
elem.text = elem.text.replace('FEATURE NUMBER', '123456')
except AttributeError:
pass
tree.write('output.xml', encoding='latin-1')
请注意,您可以将encoding
参数更改为其他参数,例如: utf-8
, cp1252
, ISO-8859-1
等。确实取决于您的系统和文件。
声明:本站的技术帖子网页,遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议,如果您需要转载,请注明本站网址或者原文地址。任何问题请咨询:yoyou2525@163.com.