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在表格中填写缺少日期的数据(PostgreSQL,Redshift)

[英]Fill the table with data for missing date (postgresql, redshift)

我正在尝试填写缺少日期的每日数据,找不到答案,请帮忙。

我的daily_table示例:

      url          | timestamp_gmt | visitors | hits  | other.. 
-------------------+---------------+----------+-------+-------
 www.domain.com/1  | 2016-04-12    |   1231   | 23423 |
 www.domain.com/1  | 2016-04-13    |   1374   | 26482 |
 www.domain.com/1  | 2016-04-17    |   1262   | 21493 |
 www.domain.com/2  | 2016-05-09    |   2345   | 35471 |          

预期的结果:我想用每个域和每天的数据来填充此表,只复制前一个date数据:

      url          | timestamp_gmt | visitors | hits  | other.. 
-------------------+---------------+----------+-------+-------
 www.domain.com/1  | 2016-04-12    |   1231   | 23423 |
 www.domain.com/1  | 2016-04-13    |   1374   | 26482 |
 www.domain.com/1  | 2016-04-14    |   1374   | 26482 |     <-added
 www.domain.com/1  | 2016-04-15    |   1374   | 26482 |     <-added
 www.domain.com/1  | 2016-04-16    |   1374   | 26482 |     <-added
 www.domain.com/1  | 2016-04-17    |   1262   | 21493 |
 www.domain.com/2  | 2016-05-09    |   2345   | 35471 |          

我可以将逻辑的一部分移到php中,但这是不可取的,因为我的表缺少数十亿个日期。

摘要:

在最后几天,我发现:

  1. Amazon-redshift可与PostgreSql的第8版配合使用,这就是为什么它不支持JOIN LATERAL等漂亮命令的原因
  2. Redshift还不支持generate_seriesCTEs
  3. 但是它支持简单的WITH (谢谢@systemjack),但是WITH RECURSIVE不支持

看一下查询背后的想法:

select distinct on (domain, new_date) *
from (
    select new_date::date 
    from generate_series('2016-04-12', '2016-04-17', '1d'::interval) new_date
    ) s 
left join a_table t on date <= new_date
order by domain, new_date, date desc;

  new_date  |     domain      |    date    | visitors | hits  
------------+-----------------+------------+----------+-------
 2016-04-12 | www.domain1.com | 2016-04-12 |     1231 | 23423
 2016-04-13 | www.domain1.com | 2016-04-13 |     1374 | 26482
 2016-04-14 | www.domain1.com | 2016-04-13 |     1374 | 26482
 2016-04-15 | www.domain1.com | 2016-04-13 |     1374 | 26482
 2016-04-16 | www.domain1.com | 2016-04-13 |     1374 | 26482
 2016-04-17 | www.domain1.com | 2016-04-17 |     1262 | 21493
(6 rows)

您必须根据需要选择开始和结束日期。 该查询可能非常昂贵(您提到了数十亿个缺口),因此请谨慎使用(对较小的数据子集进行测试或分阶段执行)。

在没有generate_series()的情况下,您可以创建自己的生成器。 这是一个有趣的例子 可以使用引用的文章中的视图代替generate_series() 例如,如果您需要期间'2016-04-12' + 5 days

select distinct on (domain, new_date) *
from (
    select '2016-04-12'::date+ n new_date
    from generator_16
    where n < 6
    ) s 
left join a_table t on date <= new_date
order by domain, new_date, date desc;

您将获得与第一个示例相同的结果。

一种替代解决方案,避免所有“现代”功能;-]

-- \i tmp.sql

        -- NOTE: date and domain are keywords in SQL
CREATE TABLE ztable
        ( zdomain      TEXT NOT NULL
        , zdate       DATE NOT NULL
        , visitors      INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
        , hits          INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
        , PRIMARY KEY (zdomain,zdate)
        );
INSERT INTO ztable (zdomain,zdate,visitors,hits) VALUES
  ('www.domain1.com', '2016-04-12' ,1231 ,23423 )
 ,('www.domain1.com', '2016-04-13' ,1374 ,26482 )
 ,('www.domain1.com', '2016-04-17' ,1262 ,21493 )
 ,('www.domain3.com', '2016-04-14' ,3245 ,53471 )       -- << cheating!
 ,('www.domain3.com', '2016-04-15' ,2435 ,34571 )
 ,('www.domain3.com', '2016-04-16' ,2354 ,35741 )
 ,('www.domain2.com', '2016-05-09' ,2345 ,35471 ) ;

        -- Create "Calendar" table with all possible dates
        -- from the existing data in ztable.
        -- [if there are sufficient different domains
        -- in ztable there will be no gaps]
        -- [Normally the table would be filled by generate_series()
        -- or even a recursive CTE]
        -- An exta advantage is that a table can be indexed.
CREATE TABLE date_domain AS
SELECT DISTINCT zdate AS zdate
FROM ztable;
ALTER TABLE date_domain ADD PRIMARY KEY (zdate);
-- SELECT * FROM date_domain;

        -- Finding the closest previous record
        -- without using window functions or aggregate queries.
SELECT d.zdate, t.zdate, t.zdomain
        ,t.visitors, t.hits
        , (d.zdate <> t.zdate) AS is_fake -- for fun
FROM date_domain d
LEFT JOIN ztable t
        ON t.zdate <= d.zdate
        AND NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM ztable nx
                WHERE nx.zdomain = t.zdomain
                AND nx.zdate > d.zdate
                AND nx.zdate < t.zdate
                )
ORDER BY t.zdomain, d.zdate
        ;

在这种情况下,这是一个使redshift生成使用日期生成新行到表的丑陋技巧。 本示例将输出限制为前30天。 范围可以调整或删除。 同样的方法也可以使用几分钟,几秒钟等。

with days as (
    select (dateadd(day, -row_number() over (order by true), sysdate::date+'1 day'::interval)) as day
            from stv_blocklist limit 30
)
select day from days order by day

要定位特定的时间范围,请将sysdate更改为文字,该文字将是您想要的范围结束后的最后一天,以及可以覆盖多少天的限制。

插入将是这样的:

with days as (
    select (dateadd(day, -row_number() over (order by true), sysdate::date+'1 day'::interval)) as day
            from stv_blocklist limit 30
)
insert into your_table (domain, date) (
    select dns.domain, d.day
    from days d
    cross join (select distinct(domain) from your_table) dns
    left join your_table y on y.domain=dns.domain and y.date=d.day
    where y.date is null
)

我无法测试插件,因此可能需要进行一些调整。

stv_blocklist表的引用可以是其中具有足够行以覆盖with子句中的范围限制的任何表,并用于为row_number()窗口函数提供种子。

一旦只有日期行,就可以使用最新的完整记录来更新它们,如下所示:

update your_table set visitors=t.visitors, hits=t.hits
from (
    select a.domain, a.date, b.visitors, b.hits
    from your_table a
    inner join your_table b
        on b.domain=a.domain and b.date=(SELECT max(date) FROM your_table where domain=a.domain and hits is not null and date < a.date)
    where a.hits is null
) t
where your_table.domain=t.domain and your_table.date=t.date

这相当慢,但对于较小的数据集或一次性数据集应该没问题。 我能够测试类似的查询。

更新:我认为此版本的查询来填充空值应该更好,并考虑了域和日期。 我测试了类似的版本。

update your_table set visitors=t.prev_visitors, hits=t.prev_hits
from (
    select domain, date, hits
        lag(visitors,1) ignore nulls over (partition by domain order by date) as prev_visitors,
        lag(hits,1) ignore nulls over (partition by domain order by date) as prev_hits
    from your_table
) t
where t.hits is null and your_table.domain=t.domain and your_table.date=t.date

应该可以将其与初始人口查询结合起来,然后一次完成。

最后,我完成了任务,并且想分享一些有用的东西。

我没有使用generate_series这个钩子:

WITH date_range AS (
  SELECT trunc(current_date - (row_number() OVER ())) AS date
  FROM any_table  -- any of your table which has enough data
  LIMIT 365
) SELECT * FROM date_range;

为了获得必须用数据填充的URL列表,我使用了以下命令:

WITH url_list AS (
  SELECT
    url AS gapsed_url,
    MIN(timestamp_gmt) AS min_date,
    MAX(timestamp_gmt) AS max_date
  FROM daily_table
  WHERE url IN (
    SELECT url FROM daily_table GROUP BY url
    HAVING count(url) < (MAX(timestamp_gmt) - MIN(timestamp_gmt) + 1)
  )
  GROUP BY url
) SELECT * FROM url_list;

然后我合并给定的数据,我们称它为url_mapping

SELECT t1.*, t2.gapsed_url FROM date_range AS t1 CROSS JOIN url_list AS t2
WHERE t1.date <= t2.max_date AND t1.date >= t2.min_date;

为了获得最接近日期的数据,我执行了以下操作:

SELECT sd.*
FROM url_mapping AS um JOIN daily_table AS sd
ON um.gapsed_url = sd.url AND (
  sd.timestamp_gmt = (SELECT max(timestamp_gmt) FROM daily_table WHERE url = sd.url AND timestamp_gmt <= um.date)
)

希望对您有所帮助。

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